This book offers an interdisciplinary theoretical approach based on non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics and control theory for mathematically modeling shock-induced out-of-equilibrium processes in condensed matter. The book comprises two parts. The first half of the book establishes the theoretical approach, reviewing fundamentals of non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics and control theory of adaptive systems. The latter half applies the presented approach to a problem on shock-induced plane wave propagation in condensed matter. The result successfully reproduces the observed feature of waveform propagation in experiments, which conventional continuous mechanics cannot access. Further, the consequent stress-strain relationships derived with relaxation and inertia effect in elastic-plastic transition determines material properties in transient regimes.

Autorentext

Tatiana Aleksandrovna Khantuleva is a professor at Saint Petersburg State University. Her research is primarily concerned with non-equilibrium phenomena and complex systems and their mathematical modeling. She received her Ph.D. degree in fluid and plasma mechanics from the State Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1977. She joined Saint Petersburg State University as an associate professor in 1999 and was promoted to her current position in 2007. She received certificates of honor from Saint Petersburg State University and the Russian Academy of Science in 2007, 2010, and 2017.

She currently focuses on the problems related to modeling transient and shock-induced processes, out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic evolution, and synergetic effects at a mesoscopic scale and on developing several new original special courses of lectures for graduate students.

Inhalt

Chapter 1 Models of continuum mechanics and their deficiencies 1.1 Description of macroscopic systems; macroscopic variables 1.2 Macroscopic transport equations 1.3 The problem of closure of the transport equations 1.4 Validity of continuum mechanics 1.5 Scale averaging effect on transport processes 1.6 Medium models and transient processes 1.7 The problem of a uniform description of the media motions 1.8 Deficiencies of the continuum mechanics concept 1.9 Short review of approaches to extension of continuum mechanics

Chapter 2 Specific Features of Processes Far from Equilibrium 2.1 Experimental difficulties in studying non-equilibrium processes 2.2 Anomalous medium response to strong impact 2.3 The internal structure effects 2.4 Fluctuations, oscillations, instabilities 2.5 Multi-scale energy exchange between various degrees of freedom 2.6 Multi-stage relaxation processes 2.7 Finite speed of disturbances propagation and the delay effects 2.8 Influence of the loading duration and inertial effects 2.9 Dynamic self-organization of new internal structure in open systems 2.10 Predictive ability of modeling non-equilibrium processes

Chapter 3 Macroscopic Description in Terms of Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics 3.1 Fundamentals of statistical mechanics 3.2 Description of macroscopic systems from the first principles 3.3 Main problem of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics 3.4 Rigorous statistical approaches to non-equilibrium processes 3.5 Non-equilibrium statistical operator by Zubarev 3.6 Bogolyubov's hypothesis of attenuation of spatiotemporal correlations 3.7 The nonlocal thermodynamic relationships with memory between the conjugate macroscopic fluxes and gradients 3.8 Two type of the nonlocal effects 3.9 The disadvantages and new opportunities to close transport equations for high-rate processes

Chapter 4 Thermodynamic Concepts Out of Equilibrium 4.1 Basic concepts and principles of thermodynamics 4.2 Linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes 4.3 Revision of the generally accepted thermodynamic concepts out of equilibrium 4.4 Local entropy production near and far from equilibrium 4.5 Total entropy generation and the second law of thermodynamics 4.6 Maximum entropy principle by Jaynes 4.7 Thermodynamic temporal evolution out of equilibrium 4.8 Influence of the constraints imposed on the system 4.9 Self-organization of new structures in thermodynamics

Chapter 5 New Approach to Modeling Non-equilibrium Processes 5.1 Generalized constitutive relationships based on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics 5.2 Modeling spatiotemporal correlation functions 5.3 Temporal stages of the correlation attenuation 5.4 Deficiencies of the generally accepted models for the medium with complicated properties 5.5 Requirements to new approach to modeling shock-induced processes 5.6 Foundations of new approach to modeling transport processes far from equilibrium 5.7 New approach to modeling transport processes far from equilibrium 5.8 Distinctive features of new approach from semi-empirical models 5.9 Interrelationships between spatiotemporal correlations and dynamic structure of the system 5.10 Modeling correlation functions in boundary-value problems 5.11 Boundary conditions for nonlocal equations 5.12 The mathematical basis for the self-consistent problem formulation 5.13 Discrete size spectrum of the dynamic structure of a bounded system

Chapter 6 Description of the Structure Evolution Using Methods of Control Theory of Adaptive Systems 6.1 Methods of control theory in physics. Cybernetical physics 6.2 Speed gradient principle by Fradkov for non-stationary complex systems 6.3 Description of the system temporal evolution at macroscale level 6.4 Temporal evolution of statistical distributions at microscale 6.5 The need to describe temporal evolution out of equilibrium at mesoscale 6.6 Principle of maximum entropy by Jaynes and the goal function of the structure evolution 6.7 Integral entropy production and reduction of irreversible losses due to self-organization 6.8 Internal control at mesoscale based on Speed gradient principle 6.9 Paths of the system evolution and prediction of the limit states 6.10 Influence of feedbacks on the paths of the system evolution

Chapter 7 The Shock-Induced Planar Wave Propagation in Condensed Matter 7.1 Thermodynamic properties of solids 7.2 Wave processes in crystal lattice 7.3 Elastic properties of solids 7.4 Plastic deformation. Deficiencies of continuum mechanics 7.5 Shock wave as a non-equilibrium transient process 7.6 The integral model for the stress tensor without separation into elastic and plastic parts 7.7 Integral formulation of the problem of the shock-induced wave propagation in condensed matter 7.8 Self-similar quasi-stationary solution to the problem 7.9 The relaxation model of shock-induced waveforms during propagation 7.10 Comparison of the model waveforms with experimental data

Chapter 8 Evolution of Waveforms during Propagation in Solids 8.1 Entropy production in finite-time waveforms 8.2 Speed gradient principle for the waveforms evolution 8.3 The waveform evolution during quasi-stationary wave propagation 8.4 Paths of the waveform evolution on a surface of the entropy production over a phase plane 8.5 Coincidence with experimental results

Chapter 9 Abnormal Loss or Growth of the Wave Amplitude 9.1 Dependence of the waveform amplitude on the impact velocity 9.2 The wave amplitude loss due to various relaxation effects 9.3 Interference of shock wave at mesoscale 9.4 Wave packet spreading 9.5 Mass velocity dispersion and turbulent effects 9.6 Multi-scale momentum and energy exchange in wave processes 9.7 Self-organization and the structure instability

Chapter 10 The Stress-Strain Relationships for the Continuous Stationary Loading 10.1 Difference between shock and continuous loading at the same amplitude 10.2 Influence of the relaxation and delay effects on the medium response to short and long loading 10.3 Entropy production surfaces for various duration loading and possible evolutionary paths 10.4 Meta-stable states and the system structural instability 10.5 Probable change of the evolution paths and t…