The topic of this book is the following optimisation problem: given a set of discrete variables and a set of functions, each depending on a subset of the variables, minimise the sum of the functions over all variables. This fundamental research problem has been studied within several different contexts of discrete mathematics, computer science and artificial intelligence under different names: Min-Sum problems, MAP inference in Markov random fields (MRFs) and conditional random fields (CRFs), Gibbs energy minimisation, valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs), and, for two-state variables, pseudo-Boolean optimisation.

In this book the author presents general techniques for analysing the structure of such functions and the computational complexity of the minimisation problem, and he gives a comprehensive list of tractable cases. Moreover, he demonstrates that the so-called algebraic approach to VCSPs can be used not only for the search for tractable VCSPs, but also for other questions such as finding the boundaries to the applicability of certain algorithmic techniques.

The book is suitable for researchers interested in methods and results from the area of constraint programming and discrete optimisation.

Autorentext
Dr. Stanislav ivný has a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Oxford, and he was a Junior Research Fellow in Mathematical and Physical Sciences at Oxford's University College. The doctoral thesis won the 2011 ACP (Association for Constraint Programming) Doctoral Award for the best thesis in the area of constraint programming from the previous two years. He was awarded a Senior Research Fellowship in Advances in Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, hosted by the University of Warwick, which commenced in autumn 2012.

Inhalt
Chap. 1 Introduction.- Chap. 2 Background.- Chap. 3 Expressibility of Valued Constraints.- Chap. 4 Expressibility of Fixed-Arity Languages.- Chap. 5 Expressibility of Submodular Languages.- Chap. 6 Non-expressibility of Submodular Languages.- Chap. 7 Tractable Languages.- Chap. 8 Conservative Languages.- Chap. 9 The Power of Linear Programming.- Chap. 10 Hybrid Tractability.- Chap. 11 Summary and Open Problems.- References.- Index.