This book presents an overview of the fundamental principles, problems and issues of the modern field of "human and nature-minding automation and industrial systems". The ultimate goal of "symbiosis" of automation and technology between humans and nature is to assure global technological, environmental and economic sustainability.

Human-minding automation is possible by employing concepts and techniques from the human factors field, including job satisfaction, human-friendly interfaces and human values. Nature-minding industrial activity and human development can be achieved by considering as a whole the human, economic, natural and cultural resources in the short and long term. In particular, nature-minding design selects the production methods and technologies that have minimum impact to the environment.

The book provides a comprehensive tutorial introduction in all these problems and solution methodologies. It is suitable for students, scientists and professionals interested in the human and environmental issues of the use of technology and automation in modern society. The depth of presentation is kept at a level sufficient for the reader to get a clear picture of the problems and their solutions. The book gives more than 700 references and related web sites.

Autorentext

Spyros G. Tzafestas received the B.Sc. in Physics (1963) and Graduate Diploma in Electronics (1965) from Athens University, Diploma of Electrical Engineering, from Imperial College (1967), M.Sc. (Eng.) in Control from London University (1967) and Ph.D. in Systems and Control from Southampton University, England (1969). From 1969 to 1973 he was Research Leader at the Computer Science Division of the Nuclear Research Center "Demokritos", Athens. From 1973 to 1984 he was Professor of Automatic Control at the University of Patras, and from 1985 to 2006 he was Professor of Control and Robotics at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece. Temporary visiting teaching and / or research positions include : University of Calabria, Italy (1985, 1987), University of Delft, The Netherlands (1991) and MIT, USA (1992). He is currently Director of the Institute of Communication and Control Systems, and as a Professor Emeritus he is leading the Intelligent Automation Systems Research Group engaged with research carried out in ICCS-NTUA mainly in the framework of national and European projects.

Dr Tzafestas is the Recipient of D.Sc. of Southampton University (1978), and Honorary Doctorates of the Technical University of Munich (Dr.-Ing. E.h., 1997) and the Ecole Centrale de Lille (Dr. Ing.-Honoris Causa, 2003). He has published 30 edited research books, 60 book chapters and over 700 Journal and Conference technical papers in the field of control, robotics and Intelligent Systems. He has been the coordinator of national and EU projects in the fields of IT, Intelligent systems, robotics, control and CIM. He is an associate editor of 15 Journals, and he was the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (1988-2006) and of the Book Series "Micro processor Based and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Kluwer (1993-2006). Presently, he is the Editor of the Springer book series on Intelligent Control and Automation Systems.

He is a Fellow of IEE, now IET (London), a Life Fellow of IEEE (New York) and a Member of ASME, NYAS and the Hellenic Technical Chamber (TEE). He received the Greek Society of Writers' Award and the Ktesibios Award from the IEEE Mediterranean Control Association (2001). Dr Tzafestas has over the years organized and / or chaired several international conferences (IEEE, IMACS, SIRES, IASTED, EUCA).

Zusammenfassung
Man is the best thing in the World. Nature does nothing uselessly. Aristotle There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is rapture on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar: I love not Man the less, but Nature more. John Burroughs The basic purpose of development is to enlarge people's choices. The objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives. Mahbub ul Hag Founder of the Human Development Report Theaimofthisbookis toprovidea compiledset ofconcepts,principles,methods and issues used for studying, designing and operating human-minding and natu- minding automation and industrial systems. The depth of presentation is suf?cient for the reader to understand the problems involved and the solution approaches, and appreciate the need of humanautomation cooperative interaction, and the - portance of the efforts required for environment and ecosystem protection during any technological and development process in the society. Humans and technology are living and have to live together in a sustainable society and nature. Humans must not be viewed as components of automation and technology in the same way as machines. Automation and technology must incorporate the humans' needs and preferences, and radiate beauty in all ways, namely functionally, technically and humanistically. In overall, automation and technology should create comfort and give pleasure.

Inhalt
Preface; Outline of the Book; Chapter 1: Automation, Humans, Nature, and Development; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Field of Automation; 1.3 Brief History of Control and Automation; 1.4 The Principle of Feedback1.5 The Humans in Automation; 1.6 Automation in the Nature; 1.7 Social Issues of Automation; 1.8 Human Development and Modernization; 1.8.1 Human Development Components; 1.8.2 Modernization; 1.8.3 Human Development Index; 1.8.4 Life Expectancy, Literary and Standard of Living; 1.8.5 Human Development Report; Chapter 2: Human Factors in Automation (I): Building Blocks, Scope, and a First Set of Factors; 2.1 Introduction2.2 The Human Factors Field: Building Blocks and Scope; 2.2.1 Building Blocks; 2.2.2 The Human Features; 2.2.3 Human-Automation Relation; 2.2.4 Automation; 2.2.5 Goals and Scope of the Human Factors Field; 2.3 Human Factors in Automation System Design and Development; 2.3.1 General Issues; 2.3.2 Developmental Elements; 2.3.3 System Development Concepts; 2.4 The Workload Factor in Automation; 2.5 Three Key Human Factors in Automation; 2.5.1 Allocation of Function; 2.5.2 Stimulus-Response Compatibility; 2.5.3 Internal Model of the Operator; 2.6 The Operator Reliance Factor; Chapter 3:Human Factors in Automation (II): Psychological, Physical Strength, and Human Error Factors: 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Psychological Factors; 3.2.1 Job Satisfaction; 3.2.2 Job Stress; 3.2.3 A Psychosocial Stress Model; 3.3 Physical Strength; 3.4 Human Bias; 3.5 Human Error; 3.6 Human Values and Human Rights; Chapter 4: Human Machine Interaction in Automation (I): Basic Concepts and Devices: 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Applications of Human Machine Interactive Systems; 4.3 Methodologies for the Design of Human Machine Interaction Systems; 4.4 Keys and Keyboards; 4.5 Pointing Devices; 4.6 Screen Design; 4.7 Work Station Design; 4.7.1 Physical Layout Factors; 4.7.2 Work Method Factors; 4.7.3 Video Display Terminal Factors; Chapter 5: Human Machine Interaction inAutomation (II): Advanced Concepts and Interfaces; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Graphical User Interfaces; 5.2.1 General Issues; 5.2.2 Design Components of Graphical Interfaces; 5.2.3 Windowing Systems; 5.2.4 Components of Windowing Systems; 5.3 Types and Design Features of Visual Displays; 5.3.1 Visual Display Type; 5.3.2 Further Design Features of Visual Displays; 5.4 Intelligent Human-Machine Interfaces; 5.5 Natural Language Human-Machine Interfaces; 5.6 Multi-Modal Human-Machine Interfaces ; 5.7 Graphical Interfaces for Knowledge-Based Systems; 5.8 Force Sensing Tactile Based Human-Machine Interfaces; 5.9 Human-Machine Interaction via Virtual Environments; 5.10 Human-Machine Interfaces in Computer-Aided Design; Chapter 6:; Supervisory and Distributed Control in Automation: 6.1 …