Every organ and system in the body is affected by physical activity and exercise, not least among them the endocrine system. In Sports Endocrinology, leading physicians and researchers in sports medicine comprehensively review what is known about how physical activity effects the endocrine system, and what in turn are the effects of the hormonal responses evoked on the other organs and systems of the body. Topics range from the various endocrine pathways that are altered by exercise, to the effect of hormones on performance, from the effect of exercise on puberty and growth, to the hormonal regulation of fluid homeostasis, substrate metabolism, and energy balance. A substantial section is devoted to the exercising female, and the influence of exercise-driven hormonal changes on the menstrual cycle, contraceptive use, pregnancy, and menopause. Also discussed are the role of hormones in the development of "exercise euphoria," as well as their effects on athletic performance and their consequences for long-term health.

Comprehensive and authoritative, Sports Endocrinology constitutes a major new reference source critically integrating what is known about the complex interactions of the endocrine system resulting from physical activity. All physicians and clinical investigators treating those active in sports today will find it of high value in their daily practice and research.

Klappentext

Since the observation in the 19th century that an extract of the suprarenal bodies injected into the circulation caused a rise in blood pressure, the endocrine system has become a major component in our understanding of human physiology. The introduction of radioimmunoassay techniques and the ability to measure minimal amounts of hor­ mones (a term derived from the Greek "to excite") have shown that acute exercise causes a release of a large number of hormones and that chronic exercise may further lead to long-term alterations in endocrine homeostasis. Actually, almost every organ and system in the body is affected by physical activity and exercise, much of it through the endocrine and neuroendocrine system. Investigation ofthe effect of acute or chronic physical activity on the endocrine system is a complex matter since the stimulus called "exercise" has many components, such as mode, intensity, duration, and others. In addition, several other factors, such as age, gender, training status, body temperature, circadian rhythm, metabolic state, menstrual cycle, and various external conditions as well as psychological factors, can modify the effect of physical activity on hormonal secretion. Moreover, the physiol9gical stimulus of exercise often provokes several and parallel cascades of biochemical and endocrine changes. It is therefore often extremely difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary events and between cause and effect. These limitations will be discussed in Chapter 1.

Inhalt

Hormonal Response to Exercise: Methodological Considerations, Mark S. Tremblay and Samuel Y. Chu. Exercise and Endogenous Opiates, Tim Meyer, Lothar Schwarz, and Wilfried Kindermann. The Effect of Exercise on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Gary Wittert. Impact of Chronic Training on Pituitary Hormone Secretion in the Human, Johannes D. Veldhuis and Kohji Yoshida. Exercise and the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis, Alon Eliakim, Jo Anne Brasel, and Dan M. Cooper. Thyroid Function and Exercise, Victor J. Bernet and Leonard Wartofsky. The Male Reproductive System, Exercise, and Training, David C. Cumming. Exercise and the Hypothalamus: Ovulatory Adaptions, Moira A. Petit and Jerilynn C. Prior. Exercise Training in the Normal Female: Effects of Exercise Stress and Energy Availablility on Metabolic Hormones and LH Pulsatility, Anne B. Loucks. Adrenergic Regulation of Energy Metabolism, Michael Kjær and Kai Lange. Energy Balance and Weight Control (Male and Female): Endocrine Considerations, Gilbert W. Gleim and Beth W. Glace. Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Homeostasis During and Following Exercise, Charles E. Wade. Diabetes and Exercise, Stephen H. Schneider and Pushpinder S. Guleria. Hormonal Regulations of the Effects of Exercise on Bone: Postive and Negative Effects, Philip D. Chilibeck. The Role of Exercise in the Attainment of Peak Bone Mass and Bone Strength, Shona L. Bass and Kathryn H. Myburgh. Interrelationships Between Acute and Chronic Exercise and the Immune and Endocrine Systems, Valéria M. Natale and Roy J. Shephard. Exercise and the Developing Child: Endocrine Considerations, Sita M. Sundaresan, James N. Roemmich, and Alan D. Rogol. Exercise and the Female Reproductive System: The Effect of Hormonal Status on Performance, David M. Quadagno . Exercise and Pregnancy: Hormonal Considerations, Fred K. Lotgering. The Endocrine System in Overtraining, Axel Urhausen and Wilfried Kindermann. The Effects of Altitude on the Hormonal Responsesto Exercise, Roland J. M. Favier. Exercise, Circadian Rhythms, and Hormones, Thomas Reilly, Greg Atkinson, and Jim Waterhouse. Physical Activity and Mood: The Endocrine Connection, Gal Dubnov and Elliot M. Berry. Hormones as Performance-Enhancing Drugs, Mark Myhal and David R. Lamb. Index.