This peer-reviewed book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of space exploration and technology in Brazil. The Brazilian space sector is currently experiencing rapid growth, with new participants entering the field and space applications increasingly supporting the country's social, economic, and political development. There is a growing recognition of space as a vital component of Brazil's development agenda. Despite significant progress in recent years that has improved the living conditions of many Brazilians and helped lift people out of poverty, much work remains to be done to meet the basic needs of all citizens and ensure they receive the respect they deserve. Space technology is already being utilized in various sectors to help achieve Brazil's future objectives, and there are still ample opportunities to expand the use of space systems and data. The book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and students in fields such as space studies, international relations, governance, and social and rural development.