This book discusses the tribological, rheological and optical properties of liquid-crystal nanomaterials as well as lubricant media. It also describes the formation of liquid-crystal materials and the application of cholesteric liquid-crystal compounds in technical friction units and in human and animal joints. Further, it shows the connection between the tribological and other physical properties of liquid-crystal cholesterol compounds and develops a lubricity conceptual model of cholesteric-nematic, liquid-crystalline nanostructures on the basis of physical and energetic interpretations. This general model is valid for all surfaces and friction pairs, including biopolymers, and could lead to applications of cholesteric liquid-crystalline nanomaterials in different friction units and tribosystems as well as in the treatment of joint diseases.

Autorentext
Sergey Ermakov S.F. graduated from Gomel State University, Physics Faculty. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1986, D.Sc. in 2002 and became a professor in 2008. He has been working in V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus since 1979. Prof. Ermakov was head of the laboratory Physics and Chemistry of Lubricants from 2003 to 2005, and head of department Tribophysics of Liquid-crystal materials from 2005 to 2012. He has been chair of the Tribophysics of lubricating materials laboratory since 2012 and a professor at the Department of Microprocessor Technology and Information Management Systems at Belarusian State University of Transport, where he has combined scientific work with teaching since 2003. He received the Award for Best Research at Belarus National Academy of Sciences in 1990 and 2015. In 1998 Prof. Ermakov was awarded the P. Kapitsa Silver Medal for scientific discovery. He has published 7 monographs and more than 300 technical papers and has 22 inventor's certificates and 37 patents in the Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation and the USA. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals Friction and Wear and Neftyanik Polesya.

Professor Nikolai K. Myshkin is the director and head of the Tribology Department at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute. He received his master's degree in Electromechanical Engineering in 1971, Ph.D. degree from the Institute for Problems in Mechanics at the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow in 1977, and the D.Sc. degree in Tribology in 1985. Since 1991 he has been a full professor of materials science. After being a corresponding member of the Belarus National Academy of Sciences, he became a full member in 2009. He received the National Award for young scientists in USSR in 1982, the Award of Russian Government in Science and Technology in 2004, and the Award for Best Research at Belarus National Academy of Sciences in 2003 and 2011. His international activities include: vice-president of the International Tribology Council, deputy editor of the Journal of Friction and Wear, and he is a member of the editorial boards of various national and international journals: Mechanics of Materials, Machines and Mechanisms; Friction and Lubrication in Machines and Mechanisms, Materials, Technologies, and Tools; Applied Mechanics and Engineering; Tribology Letters; and Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. He has co-authored more than 20 monographs, textbooks and chapters in tribology and materials, more than 300 technical papers and 60 patents in Belarus and Russia, the USA, Europe and Asia.

Inhalt

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

1. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDCRYSTAL NANOMATERIALS

   1.1. Classification and Structure of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials

   1.2. Mesomorphous and Optical Properties of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials

   1.3. Physical Anisotropy and Application of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials

2. TRIBOLOGY AND LUBRICATION OF SOLIDS

   2.1. Modern Antifriction and Antiwear Additives in Tribology (Passive Friction Control)

   2.2. Present-Day Advances in Control of Antifriction Behavior of Solids (Active Friction Control)

   2.3. Effect of Lattice-Ordered Lubricant Film on Friction of Solids

   2.3.1. Structure of Fine Fluid Layers on the Solid Body Contact

   2.3.2. Surface Forces in Fine Fluid Interlayers

   2.3.3. Effects Observed During Deformation of Structured Boundary Layers

   2.3.4. The Concept of the Micropolar Fluid and Related Hydrodynamic Effects

   2.4. Tribology of Synovial Joints Unique Natural Rubbing Organs

   2.4.1. General Concepts of Joints Friction, Wear and Lubrication

   2.4.2. Conceptual Approaches to the Explanation of Low Friction in the Joints

3. ENGINEERING AND TECHNIQUE OF EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF LIQUID-CRYSTAL NANONATERIALS

   3.1. Triboengineering Tests

   3.1.1. Triboengineering Tests on Standard Equipment

   3.1.2. Integral-Counting Method for Estimation of Small Variations of Oscillation Parameters for High-Precision Tribometry

   3.1.3. Experimental Setup for the Simulation of Friction Processes in Natural Rubbing Organs Joints

   3.1.4. Tribometric Equipment for Precision Tests of Metal- and Biopolymer Coupling

   3.2. Methods to Determine the Structuring Additives and Their Content in the Basic Compositions

   3.2.1. Infrared Spectroscopy

   3.2.2. Determin ation of the Concentration of the Liquid Crystal Additive in the Base Compositions by Measuring a Rotation Angle of Polarization Plane

   3.2.3. Development of Methods and Equipment to Control the Mesophase of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials and Their Compounds

4. TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID-CRYSTAL NANOMATERIALS

   4.1. Influence of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials on Frictional Interaction of Chemically-Inactive Materials

   4.2. Influence of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials on Friction of Metal Coupling

   4.3. Adsorptive Properties of Liquid-Crystal Compounds

   4.3.1. Interaction of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials with Hard Surface under the Condition of Static Contact

   4.3.2. Triboinduced Adsorption of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials under Frictional Interaction of Solids

   4.4. The Role of Liquid-Crystal Additives in Mechanism of Friction, Wear and Lubrication of Tribocouples

   4.5. Diagnostics of Liquid-Crystal Cholesterol Compounds in Lubricants by Optical Methods

   4.6. Lubricity of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials and Their Mixtures Depending on the Temperature

   5. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF LIQUID-CRYSTAL NANOMATERIAL IN ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE

   5.1. Application of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials when Running-in of Internal-Combustion Engines 5.2. Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials as Antiwear Engine Oil Additives

   5.3. Assessment of Liquid-Crystal Compositions' Efficiency when Polishing of Diamonds

   5.4. Artificial Mediums Based on Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials for Correction of Joint Tribology

   5.5. Antifriction Plastic Greases Based on Intermediate Products of Oil Refining and Liquid Crystalline Compounds

   ConclusionS

   Abbreviations and Nomenclature SUBJECT INDEX