SCIENCE AND EMPIRES: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM TO THE BOOK Patrick PETITJEAN, Catherine JAMI and Anne Marie MOULIN The International Colloquium "Science and Empires - Historical Studies about Scientific De­ velopment and European Expansion" is the product of an International Colloquium, "Sciences and Empires - A Comparative History of Scien­ tific Exchanges: European Expansion and Scientific Development in Asian, African, American and Oceanian Countries". Organized by the REHSEIS group (Research on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences and Scientific Institutions) of CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), the colloquium was held from 3 to 6 April 1990 in the UNESCO building in Paris. This colloquium was an idea of Professor Roshdi Rashed who initiated this field of studies in France some years ago, and proposed "Sciences and Empires" as one of the main research programmes for the The project to organize such a colloquium was a bit REHSEIS group. of a gamble. Its subject, reflected in the title "Sciences and Empires", is not a currently-accepted sub-discipline of the history of science; rather, it refers to a set of questions which found autonomy only recently. The terminology was strongly debated by the participants and, as is frequently suggested in this book, awaits fuller clarification.

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Sciences et Empires: un thème promètteur, des enjeux cruciaux.- Welcome Address.- For a New Historiographical Approach of the So-called "Traditional Knowledge".- Science classique et science moderne à l'époque de l'expansion de la science européenne.- Integration Problems: Introductory Report.- Ottomans and European Science.- The "Oriental-Occidental Controversy" of 1839 and its Impact on Indian Science.- The Colonial "Model" and the Emergence of National Science in India: 1876-1920.- Integration Problems: Discussion.- Western Mathematics in China, Seventeenth Century and Nineteenth Century.- The Reception of Western Medicine in China: Examples from Yunnan.- Du "zira" au "mètre": une transformation métrologique dans l'Empire Ottoman.- Models of European Scientific Expansion: a Comparative Description of "Classical" Medical Science at the Time of Introduction of European Medical Science to Sri Lanka, and Subsequent Development to Present.- Technical Content and Social Context: Locating Technical Institutes. The First Two Decades in the History of the Kala Bhavan, Baroda (1890-1910).- The First Chair of Chemistry in Mexico (1796-1810).- Trade and the Natural Sciences in the United States of Columbia.- Science et pouvoir au XIXe siècle: la France et le Mexique en perspective.- Le positivisme et la science au Brésil.- Les débuts de la physique mathématique et théorique au Brésil et 1'influence de la tradition française.- Brazilian Museums of Natural History and International Exchanges in the Transition to the 20th Century.- The Pan American Experiment in Eugenics.- Typologie des stratégies d'expansion en sciences exactes.- Sciences exactes et politique extérieure.- World-Science: How Is the History of World-Science to Be Written?.- Science and the Japanese Empire 1868-1945: An Overview.- Science and Nationalism in New Granada on the Eve of the Revolution of Independence.- Models of European Scientific Expansion: the Ottoman Empire as a Source of Evidence.- Problems in Science Administration: a Study of the Scientific Surveys in British India 1757-1900.- Natural History in Colonial Context: Profit or Pursuit? British Botanical Enterprise in India 1778-1820.- The Société Zoologique d'Acclimatation and the New French Empire: Science and Political Economy.- Patriarchal Science: the Network of the Overseas Pasteur Institutes.- Géographie et colonisation en France durant la Troisième République (1870-1940).- La France et l'émergence des sciences modernes au Canada français (1900-1940).- Autour de la mission française pour la création de l'Université de São Paulo (1934).- Yvon Chatelin.- José Leite Lopes.- Abdur Rahman.- Nakayama Shigeru.- Juan-José Saldaña.- Jean-Jacques Salomon.- José Israël Vargas.- Unpublished Communications.