This newly designed and enlarged edition offers an up-to-date presentation of biosensor development and modeling from both a chemical and a mathematical point of view. An entire new chapter in particular is dedicated to optimal design of biosensors. Two more new chapters discuss biosensors which utilize microbial cells and are based on carbon nanotubes respectively. All the other chapters have been revised and updated.

The book contains unique modeling methods for amperometric, potentiometric and optical biosensors based mainly on biocatalysts . It examines processes that occur in the sensors' layers and at their interface, and it provides analytical and numerical methods to solve equations of conjugated enzymatic (chemical) and diffusion processes. The action of single enzyme as well as polyenzyme biosensors and biosensors based on chemically modified electrodes is studied. The modeling of biosensors that contain perforated membranes and multipart mass transport profiles is critically investigated. Furthermore, it is fully described how signals can be biochemically amplified, how cascades of enzymatic substrate conversion are triggered, and how signals are processed via a chemometric approach and artificial neuronal networks. The results of digital modeling are compared with both proximal analytical solutions and experimental data.

Autorentext
Romas Baronas he is a Professor at the Institute of Computer Science of the Vilnius University (Lithuania) since 2005, and his main research interests cover computational modeling of nonlinear phenomena in life sciences. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science at the same university in 2000, and from 2006 to 2017 he headed the Department of Software Engineering at the Vilnius University. He was the director of the Institute of Computer Science in 2018-2019, and as of 2019, he also works as the chairman of the Research Council of Lithuania. In 2012 he was awarded the Lithuanian Science Prize. 

Feliksas Ivanauskas is a Professor Emeritus of the Vilnius University (Lithuania). He joint this university in 1972 as Senior Lecturer, and later on, as Associate Professor, Professor, Head of the Department of Mathematical Software, Head of the Department of Differential Equations and Numerical Mathematics, Head of the Department of Computer Science II, and Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics.

He received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the Moscow State University and the second degree (Habilitation Doctor) in Mathematics from the Institute of Mathematical Modeling, Russia AS (Moscow), in 1974 and 1992, respectively. He has published 250+ scientific articles and holds two patents on solid-state sources of light. Prof. Ivanauskas received the Lithuanian National Prizes in Science 1995 and 2010. He was Chair of the Division of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences of Lithuanian Academy of Science from 2009 until 2017.

Juozas Kulys is a Professor Emeritus of the Life Sciences Center of Vilnius University (Lithuania), and his main scientific interests focus on chemical problems of biocatalysis, biosensors development and modeling. He received his Ph.D. from the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia) in 1970, and the second degree (Habilitation Doctor) at the N. N. Semenov Chemical Physics Institute in 1982. In 1984 he was assessed as Professor of Physical Chemistry, and worked as Senior Research Associate, Head of the Department of Enzyme Chemistry (1974-2016) and as a Director (1986-1992) of the Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University (Lithuania). From 2001 until 2018 he was also the Head of the Department and professor of Chemistry and Bioengineering of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (Lithuania). He was awarded the State Science Prize (1987), the Baltic Assembly Premium of Science (1995), National Science Premium (2002), and he was elected as a member of the Lithuania Academy of Sciences (1990).

Zusammenfassung
Biosensors are analytical devices in which speci?c recognition of the chemical substances is performed by biological material. The biological material that serves as recognition element is used in combination with a transducer. The transducer transforms concentration of substrate or product to electrical signal that is amp- ?ed and further processed. The biosensors may utilize enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, organelles, plant and animal tissue, whole organism or organs. Biosensors containing biological catalysts (enzymes) are called catalytical biosensors. These type of biosensors are the most abundant, and they found the largest application in medicine, ecology, and environmental monitoring. The action of catalytical biosensors is associated with substrate diffusion into biocatalytical membrane and it conversion to a product. The modeling of bios- sors involves solving the diffusion equations for substrate and product with a term containing a rate of biocatalytical transformation of substrate. The complications of modeling arise due to solving of partially differential equations with non-linear biocatalytical term and with complex boundary and initial conditions. The book starts with the modeling biosensors by analytical solution of partial differential equations. Historically this method was used to describe fundamental features of biosensors action though it is limited by substrate concentration, and is applicable for simple biocatalytical processes. Using this method the action of biosensors was analyzed at critical concentrations of substrate and enzyme activity.

Inhalt

Introduction to Modeling of Biosensors.- Effects of Diffusion Limitations on the Response and Sensitivity of Biosensors.- Biosensors Utilizing Consecutive and Parallel Substrates Conversion.- Biosensors Response Amplification with Cyclic Substrates Conversion.- Biosensors Utilizing Synergistic Substrates Conversion.- Biosensors Acting in Injection Mode.- Chemically Modified Enzyme and Biomimetic Catalysts Electrodes.- Biosensors with Porous and Perforated Membranes.- Biosensors Utilizing Non Michaelis-Menten Kinetics.- Biosensors Based on Microreactors.- Modeling Carbon Nanotube Based Biosensors.- Modeling Biosensors Utilizing Microbial Cells.- Application of Mathematical Modeling to Optimal Design of Biosensors.