This book provides a step-by-step methodology and system design that can be used to design a fully integrated PMU using SC DC-DC converters, for any CMOS technology. The authors discuss trade-offs between power density and efficiency of the methodology for the 130 nm CMOS technology, and how to implement it on other CMOS technologies. The book describes the state-of-the-art of fully or near-fully integrated SC DC-DC converters with multiple conversion ratios and the techniques used to enhance the overall performance of these converters. Coverage includes the trade-off between the number of conversion ratios and overall extracted efficiency from a supercapacitor, as well as the sizing of the converter cells according to the desired output power and maximum clock frequency. The authors also describe in detail the design of the fundamental blocks for the converter operation, which includes a secondary control loop using capacitance modulation by sensing the clock frequency.

• Describes the state-of-the-art of fully or near-fully integrated SC DC-DC converters with multiple conversion ratios;
• Demonstrates a step-by-step design methodology for SC DC-DC converters on any CMOS technology;

• Explains trade-offs of sizing an SC DC-DC converter and from using a supercapacitor as an energy supply source.

  Autorentext

  Ricardo Madeira received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) from the NOVA Faculty of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2015 and 2021. He is also a researcher at the Centre of Technology and Systems (CTS) since 2015, where he has been involved in the design of mixed-signal integrated circuits (ICs) in nanoscale CMOS technology, namely, the design and optimization of a fully integrated Power Management Unit (PMU) with Switched Capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters. Since October 2021, he has been an RF design engineer with Koala Tech, where he has been involved in the design of a multi-stage RF power amplification scheme and RF power combination. He has participated in national and international research projects in the last years and published 3 journal articles, 10 conference articles (one Best Paper Award), and one patent.

  João Pedro Oliveira received the M.Sc. and Ph.D degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico- University of Lisbon, Portugal (1996) and NOVA Faculty of Science and Technology - Nova University of Lisbon, Portugal (2010), respectively. At the present, he holds the position of Professor of Integrated Microelectronics in the Department of Electrical Engineering of Nova University of Lisbon. He is also a Senior Researcher member of the Centre of Technology and Systems-CTS where he has been involved in the research and design of mixed-signal integrated circuits in nanoscale CMOS technology, for low power RF and sensing applications. Additionally, his professional background includes more than 5 years of experience in the telecommunications industry and the co-foundation of two companies in the field of smart sensorial interactive systems and efficient RF power amplification. He holds 3 patents, one book and has published in international scientific journals and leading conferences.

  Nuno Paulino graduatedfrom Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Lisbon, Portugal, in 1992. He received the M.Sc. degree from the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 1996 and the Ph.D. degree from the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal, in 2008. He has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering (DEE) of the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), since 1999. Since 1999 he has been also working as a Senior Researcher of the Centre of Technology and Systems at UNINOVA. In 2003 he cofounded ACACIA Semiconductor, a Portuguese engineering company specialized in high-performance data converter and analog front-end products, acquired by S3 in 2007. From 1996 to 1999 he worked as Analog Design Engineer at Rockwell Semiconductor, USA. His scientific interests are in the areas of the design of CMOS circuits for UWB sensing systems, analog and discrete time signal processing, data-converters, self-testing and self-calibrating techniques, switched-capacitor circuitsfor power converters and optimization tools for assisting the design of analog circuits.