This book gathers selected science and technology papers that were presented at the 2014 Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). The bi-annual Conference is organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia. The papers address a broad range of topics including architecture, life sciences, robotics, sustainable development, engineering, food science and mathematics. The book serves as a platform for disseminating research findings, as a catalyst to inspire positive innovations in the development of the region. The carefully-reviewed papers in this volume present research by academicians of local, regional and global prominence. Out of more than 200 manuscripts presented at the conference by researchers from local and foreign universities and institutions of higher learning, 64 papers were chosen for inclusion in this publication. The papers are organized in more than a dozen broad categories, spanning the range of scientific research: . Engineering. Robotics. Mathematics & Statistics. Computer & Information Technology. Forestry. Plantation & Agrotechnology. Sports Science & Recreation. Health & Medicine. Biology. Physics. Food Science. Environment Science & Management. Sustainable Development. Architecture The book provides a significant point of reference for academics, researchers and students in many fields who need deeper research.

Autorentext
Nor Azizah M. Yacob is a senior lecturer at Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang (UiTM Pahang). She obtained her Bachelor of Science and Science Education (Mathematics) degree in August 1997 from University Malaya and received her Master of Science (Mathematics) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in November 2004. In May 2012, she was awarded her Ph.D (Applied Mathematics) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Her research interests include fluid mechanics, heat transfer and mathematical modelling using boundary layer theory. She has also received a grant funded by the Ministry of Education Malaysia to carry out research works related to her field of studies. She has teaching experience of almost 16 years and has trained undergraduate and master students.

Mesliza Mohamed is a senior lecturer, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang (UiTM Pahang). She obtained her Ph.D in Mathematics from The University of Queensland. Her major areas of interest are differential and difference equations; boundary value problems, impulsive differential equations and periodic solutions. She has teaching experience of almost 20 years and has trained 3 masters students by research. Recently she published a number of research articles in peer-reviewed international journals which include the Journal of Applied Mathematics, Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences Letters and International Journal of Mathematical Analysis. She has also presented research papers at international conference in recent years.
Associate Professor Dr. Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah graduated in Chemistry from RMIT University, Australia in 1996. He received his master's degree in Environment from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Ph.D in Analytical Chemistry from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Dr. Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah serves as a regular reviewer for international journal publishers, which include Elsevier, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, Mary Ann Liebert, Springer and American Chemical Society. For his research work and contribution in academic writing, he has received numerous prestigious awards locally and internationally. Among them, the ISI Highly Cited Author (2014), Darjah Sultan Ahmad Shah (2014), UiTM Best Writer Award (2015), UiTM Pahang Special Rector Award (2013, 2014), UiTM Pahang 'Researcher of the Year' (2011), UiTM Pahang Sanjung Sarjana Award (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) for excellence in publications, UiTM Excellent Service Award (2005, 2009, 2014), Silver Medal (BioInnoAwards 2010), USM Vice Chancellor Award for Best PhD Project (2009), 3 USM 'Sanggar Sanjung' Awards for excellence in publilcations, and UiTM Pahang Young Researcher of the Year (2008).

Inhalt
Engineering.- 1: Strength Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Incorporating Waste Paper Sludge Ash and Recycled Concrete Aggregate.- 2: Investigation of Cutting Edge Radius Effect in Macro-machining and Micro-machining.- 3: Clay Stabilization Using OPC and Bottom Ash as Additives.- 4: On the Use of Spectral Feature Fusions for Enhanced Performance of Malaysian English Accents Classification.- 5: Robustness Analysis of Feature Extractors for Ethnic Identification of Malaysian English Accents Database.- 6: Effect of Heat Treatment on Timbers - A Review.- 7: Driver Behaviour and Compliance at Signalised Intersection.- 8: Enhancement of Thermophilic (Geobacillus Stearothermophilus) Cement-sand Mortar Properties.- 9: A Congestion Control Optimal Model Design Perspectives of Non-Safety Applications on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: A Survey of Requirements, Protocols and Challenges.- 10: Pollutant Removal Efficiency for Wetland (PREWet) Storm water Quality Model Performance for Constructed Wetlands in Tropical Climate.- 11: An Idealized Model of Meandering Tidal River.- 12: Track Cyclist Performance Monitoring System using Wireless Sensor Network.- 13: Evaluation of Material Properties of Cold-formed Steel Channel Section With Different Thickness.- 14: Characterization and Development of Geldart's Fluidizing Velocity Profile of Sand Particles for the Application in Fluidized Bed Combustor (FBC).- 15: High Aspect Ratio Micro-EDM Drilling with Nano Surface Finish.- 16: Dumbbell Shaped Inline MachZehnder Interferometer for Glucose detection.- Robotics.- 17: Novel Rehab Devices Features Extraction Analysis Using EMG Signal Via Self Organizing Maps (SOM).- Architecture.- 18: Town of Karai: The only coal mining site in the State of Perak and its contribution to the urban development.- 19: Determination of New Bank Branch Location Using GIS Approach.- 20: Application of Sustainable Site Planning and Management (SM) Criterion In Green Building Index (GBI) Assessment For Hill Land Development In Penang A Case Study.- Mathematics & Statistics.- 21: Secure Key Authentication Scheme Based on Discrete Logarithm and Factoring Problems.- 22: Jaccard Ranking Index with Algebraic Product t-norm based on Second Function Principle in Handling Fuzzy Risk Analysis Problem.- 23: Analysis of Forensic Ballistic Specimens for Firearm Identification using Super-vised Naive Bayes and Decision Tree Classification Technique.- 24: Fuzzy Spatial Forecasting Model of Rainfall Distribution for Flood Early Warning.- 25: Applications of Travelling Salesman Problem in Optimizing Tourist Destinations Visit in Langkawi.- 26: Digraph Representations of Machine Vision Work space for Monitoring Worker's Behavior.- 27: Mango Size Classification Using RGB Color Sensor and Fuzzy Logic Technique.- 28: Performance Analysis of 2-Point Explicit Group (2-EG) Method for Solving Second Order Composite Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature System.- 29: Effect of Inclination on Natural Convection Porous Cavity.- 30: Dice Index with Algebraic Product and Minimum T-Norm for Ranking Fuzzy Numbers.- Computer Science / Information Technology.- 31: Investigating the Optimise K-Dimensions and Threshold Values of Latent Semantic Indexing Retrieval Performance for Small Malay Language Corpus.- 32: Critical Review of Measurement for Mult…