This symposium is the third in a series featuring the propaga­ tion of higher plants through tissue culture. The first of these symposia, entitled "A Bridge Between Research and Application," was held at the University in 1978 and was published by the Technical Information Center, Department of Energy. The second symposium, on "Emerging Technologies and Strategies," was held in 1980 and pub­ lished as a special issue of Environmental and Experimental Botany. One of the aims of these symposia was to examine the current state­ of-the-art in tissue culture technology and to relate this state of technology to practical, applied, and commercial interests. Thus, the third of this series on development and variation focused on embryogenesis in culture: how to recognize it, factors which affect embryogenesis, use of embryogenic systems, etc.; and variability from culture. A special session on woody species again emphasized somatic embryogenesis as a means of rapid propagation. This volume emphasizes tissue culture of forest trees. All of these areas, we feel, are breakthrough areas in which significant progress is expected in the next few years.

Inhalt

Keynote Address.- A Random Walk Through Plant Biology.- Regeneration Phenomena.- Patterns of Development in Culture.- Somatic Embryogenesis and Its Consequences in the Gramineae.- Somatic Embryo Ontogeny in Tissue Cultures of Orchardgrass.- Developmental Mechanisms.- Factors Affecting Developmental Processes in Alfalfa Cell Cultures.- Factors Influencing Tomato Protoplast Development.- An Embryogenic Culture of Soybean: Towards a General Theory of Somatic Embryogenesis.- Applications of Developmental Systems.- Somatic Embryogenesis for Mass Cloning of Crop Plants.- Bioreactor Technology for Plant Propagation.- Genetic Variability and Stability.- Treasure Your Exceptions.- Somaclonal Variation in Progeny of Plants from Corn Tissue Cultures.- Whole Plant Genetics in the Study of Plant Ontogeny.- Propagation of Woody Species.- Application of Tissue Culture Propagation to Woody Plants.- Somatic Embryogenesis in Tropical Fruit Trees.- Micropropagation of Two Tropical Conifers: Pinus Oocarpa Schiede and Cupressus Lusitanica Miller.- Propagation of Coffee.- Tissue Culture for Forest Improvement.- Tissue Culture and Improvement of Woody Perennials: An Overview.- In Vitro Colonization and Resistance of Loblolly Pine Embryos Infected with the Fusiform Rust Fungus.- Loblolly Pine Tissue Culture: Laboratory, Greenhouse, and Field Studies.- Countering the Effects of Tropical Deforestation with Modern Technology.- Poster Abstracts.- Somatic Embryogenesis in Common Bermudagrass.- Somatic Embryogenesis in Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures in Three Species of Medicago.- Micropropagation of Endangered Native Rhododendron Chapmanii Gray.- Optimization of Electrofusion for the Formation and Culture of Protoplast Heterokaryons.- The Culture of Eragrostis Tef In Vitro.- The Effects of Putrescine on Somatic Embryogenesis of Daucus Carota as Examined by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis.- Rapid Propagation of Boston Ferns by Tissue Culture.- In Vitro Culture and Somatic Embryogenesis in Cucumis Species.- Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Tissue Cultures Derived from Mature and Immature Somatic Tissues of Rice (Oryza Sativa) and Wheat (Triticum Aestivum).- Somatic Embryogenesis from Commercially Important Maize Inbreds.- Plant Regeneration from Embryos of Cucumis Metuliferus Cross-Pollinated with Cucumis Anguria.- Characterization of Chlorate Resistant Mutants of Arabidopsis Thaliana in Tissue Cultures.- Rapid In Vitro Propagation of Virus-Indexed Freesia.- Stability of Nuclear DNA Content in Long-Term Callus Cultures of Loblolly Pine.- In Vitro Culture of Camellia Sinensis.- Tissue Culture of Pinus Eldarica (Med.).- Selection and Micropropagation of Eucalyptus Cloning Candidates.- In Vitro Regeneration of Plantlets from Cultured Tissues of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.).- Effect of Explant Type on Shoot Proliferation and Physical Support on Root Initiation for a Range of Horticultural Species.- Organ Formation from Callus Cultures of Bananas and Plantains.- Seasonal Variation in Callus Proliferation from Expiants of Mature Pinus Strobus Trees.- Plant Regeneration from Tissue Cultures of Amaranthus Species.- Organogenesis and Embryogenesis from Maize Inbred Line B73. K..- Somatic Embryogenesis from Mature Wheat Embryos.- Asexual Propagation of Coffee Through Shoot-Tip Culture.- Nitrogen and Growth Regulator Effects on Shoot and Root Growth of Soybean In Vitro.- Plant Regeneration from Embryogenic Suspension-Derived Protoplasts of Sandalwood (Santalum Album).- Regeneration of Broccoli from Buds and Leaves.- Histology of Structures from a Soybean (Glycine Max) Somatic Embryogenesis Protocol.- In Vitro Regeneration Capacity of Corn and Teosinte Genotypes.- High-Frequency Plant Regeneration in Long-Term Tissue Cultures of Rice.- In Vitro Cloning of Dalbergia Latifolia Roxb. (Indian Rosewood).- In Vitro Callus Formation and Propagation of Sugarcane.- Variation for Salt Tolerance in Tobacco Cell Suspensions.- Somatic Embryogenesis in Tobacco Callus.- Agar Induced Variations on the Nutritional Composition of Pear and Crabapple Shoots In Vitro.- Morphogenetic Response from Orchardgrass Pistils.- Detection of Cronartium Quercuum F. Sp. Fusiforme in Pinus Taeda Embryos Using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.- Clonal Propagation of Chilopsis Linearis (Cav.) Through Tissue Culture.- Highly Morphogenic Callus of Arachis Paraguariensis from Agar and Suspension Cultures.- Anther Culture of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.).- Morphological Adaptation of Leaves of Strawberry Plants Grown In Vitro after Removal from Culture.- Clonal Variability and Field Performance in Sweet Potatoes Propagated In Vitro.- Induction and Selection of Atrazine Resistance Variants from Tobacco Cell Cultures.- Callus Morphology Associated with Somatic Embryogenesis in Barley.- Embryo Propagation by Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Multiple Shoot Formation.- Protoclones of Sorghum Bicolor with Unusually High Mitochondrial DNA Variation.- Factors Affecting Isolation of Protoplasts from Leaves of Grape (Vitis Vinifera).- Somaclonal Variation in Tobacco and Sugar Beet Breeding.- Roster of Participants and Speakers.