This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Produced Water Seminar held in Trondheim, Norway, in September 1995. Hosted by Statoil Research and Development and IKU Petroleum Research, the seminar was an update of the 1992 seminar of the same title held in San Diego, California (Ray and Engelhardt, 1992). Produced water remains the largest volume waste stream from oil and gas production offshore. In the North and Norwegian Seas, produced water volumes are projected to increase significantly over the coming decades, as oil reservoirs near depletion. These releases are therefore the focus of continuing environmental concern. The purpose of this seminar was to provide a forum for scientists, legislators, and industrial and environmental representatives to share recent information and research results, and to encourage cooperative pursuit of solutions in the future. The success of the seminar, and the quality of this volume, are due in large part to the many authors from around the world who presented almost 50 posters and papers focused on environmental issues and mitigation technologies. In addition, we wish to acknowledge the contributions of the local and international organizing committees. Local Committee Asbj0fg 0verli and Heidi Torp, Statoil Egil Wanvik and Laila S. Olden, IKU Petroleum Research International Committee James P. Ray, Shell Chemical and Petroleum Products Companies Alexis E. Steen, American Petroleum Institute Theodor C. Sauer, Battelle Ocean Sciences Steven A. Flynn, British Petroleum Martin C. Th. Scholten, TNO Kjell Lohne, Statoil Ingvild Martinsen, Norwegian Pollution Control Authority.

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Legislative and Management Issues: Regulation of Produced Water on the Norwegian Continental Shelf; E. Syvertsen. Regulation of Produced Water by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; A. Wiedeman. Chemistry and Toxicity Issues: Estimating the Acute Toxicity of Produced Waters to Marine Organisms Using Predictive Toxicity Models; D. Pillard, et al. Approaches in Toxicity Identification Evaluations of Low and Hightotal Dissolved Solids (TDS) Produced Water Effluents; T. Sauer. Environmental Effects: Effects of the Water Soluble Fraction of Crude Oil on Marine Fish Larvae and Crustaceans; C. Booman, L. Føyn. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Produced Water: Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer in Marine Food Webs; J. Neff. Dispersion Models: Dispersion Modeling Perspectives on the Environmental Fate of Produced Water Discharges; M.G. Brandsma, J. Smith. Environmental Modeling: Environment Effects of Discharge and Reinjection of Produced Water; E. Furuholt. US DOE: Gulf of Mexico Studies: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals from Produced Water Discharges to the Gulf of Mexico; H.H. Trefry. Technology for Mitigation: Air Stripping Combined with FID Detection for Oil-in-water Analysis; A. Kvernheim, K.