This book presents the proceedings of the 5th International Tribology Symposium of IFToMM (ITS-IFToMM 2024), held in Salerno, Italy, on May 6th-8th, 2024, jointly with the 9th AIT (Italian Tribology Association) Workshop "Tribology and Industry". It includes peer-reviewed papers on the latest advances in tribology, discussing topics such as friction, wear, lubrication, lubricants, biotribology, tribomaterials, solid lubricants, surface engineering, tribotesting, tribological design and optimization of machine components, modeling in tribology, contact mechanics, micro/nanotribology, tribology in power generating systems, metal working tribology, tribology in road transport and tribology in medicine. A valuable, up-to-date resource, it offers an essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike and inspires further investigations and research.