Petrification is a process, but it also can be understood as a concept. This volume takes the first steps to manifest, materialize or "petrify" the concept of "petrification" and turn it into a tool for analyzing material and social processes. The wide array of approaches to petrification as a process assembled here is more of a collection of possibilities than an attempt to establish a firm, law-generating theory. Divided into three parts, this volume's twenty-plus authors explore petrification both as a theoretical concept and as a contextualized material and social process across geological, prehistoric and historic periods.

Topics connecting the various papers are properties of materials, preferences and choices of actors, the temporality of matter, being and becoming, the relationality between actors, matter, things and space (landscape, urban space, built space), and perceptions of the following generations dealing with the petrified matter, practices, and socialrelations. Contributors to this volume study specifically whether particular processes of petrification are confined to the material world or can be seen as mirroring, following, triggering, or contradicting changes in social life and general world views. Each of the authors explores - for a period or a specific feature - practices and changes that led to increased conformity and regularity. Some authors additionally focus on the methods and scrutinize them and their applications for their potential to create objects of investigation: things, people, periods, in order to raise awareness for these or to shape or "invent" categories. This volume is of interest to archaeologists, geologists, architectural historians, conservationists, and historians.

Autorentext
Sophie Hueglin graduated from the University of Freiburg, Germany, and for many years has led excavations in the city of Basel, Switzerland. Her research focuses on medieval and early modern material culture and the European Iron Age. During her Marie-Curie fellowship at Newcastle University, UK, she has developed petrification as a transdisciplinary diachronic concept. From 2016-2020, she served as Vice-President of the European Association of Archaeologists. Currently, she is involved in academic research and teaching in Switzerland, Germany, the UK, Austria, and India.
Alexander Gramsch received degrees from Cambridge University, UK, and Leipzig University, Germany. His research interests include the archaeology of practices, the human body, and cultural change, working on topics such as Bronze Age cremation rituals and the itinerary of the human body. He has worked for private archaeological companies and the State Archaeological Service in Rhineland-Palatinate. Currently, he is head of the editorial department of the Römisch-Germanische Kommission (RGK).

Liisa Seppänen has degrees in archaeology and cultural history from Turku University. She has worked on large urban excavations and is presently a docent of urban archaeology at Turku University and of archaeology at Helsinki University. Her research focus lies on building materials, town planning and urban development in connection with social complexity and heritage values. Since 2014, she has been part of the international expert network Archaeology, Architecture and Contemporary City Planning.

Inhalt
Introduction: Solid to fluid petrification as an interpretive concept for social and material change; Sophie Hüglin & Alexander Gramsch
Part. I CONCEPTS/APPROACHES
Chapter 1. Petrification a concrete concept for past process comparison; Sophie Hüglin
Chapter 2. Solid Change. Aspects of petrification and transformation of matter and society; Alexander Gramsch
Chapter 3. Petrification as Research Approach: its terminological potential for material culture studies; Melanie Wasmuth
Part II GEOLOGY/PREHISTORY
Chapter 4. Petrification in the Devonian peering into the past 400 million years ago; Geoffrey Abbott
Chapter 5. How Landscape Got its Bones: petrification processes in Karst prehistory; Dimitrij Mleku
Chapter 6. The Hardness and the Eternal petrification processes of prehistoric human figurines; Marina Gallinaro & Alessandro Vanzetti.-
Chapter 7. Petrification in the Neolithic? Comparing the use of wood and stone in the architecture of Neolithic Britain and Ireland;Chris Fowler
Chapter 8. The Temporality of Stone: Late Prehistoric Sculpture in Iberia; Marta Díaz-Guardamino
Chapter 9. Peaks, Pastures and Possession prehistoric dry-stone structures in the Alps; Thomas Reitmaier, Francesco Carrer & Kevin Walsh
Chapter 10. Petrification Processes in Prehistoric Architectures. A view from the North;Tanja Romankiewicz
Part III CLASSICAL/HISTORICAL
Chapter 11. Set in Stone? Exploring multiple dimensions of petrification in ancient Greek cities; Dominik Maschek
Chapter 12. A Sparrow in the Temple? The ephemeral and the eternal in Bede's Northumbria; Max Adams & Colm O'Brien
Chapter 13. Divine harmony on earth. Musical concepts in the architecture of early churches; Gianluca Foschi
Chapter 14. Medieval Monumentalization in Sardinia petro-physical investigation and digital documentation; Stefano Columbu & Giorgio Verdiani
Chapter 15. Buildings, Networks and Institutionalization petrification of medieval urban environments and society in the Baltic Rim region; Liisa Seppänen & Anna
Index