This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2020, which was planned to be held in Eugene, Oregon, USA, in March 2020. Due to the Corona pandemic, the conference was organized as a virtual meeting. The 19 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: active measurement; security; best practices and conformance; domain names; topology and routing; topology - alias resolution; and Web.

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Active Measurement.- Discovering the IPv6 Network Periphery.- Improving Coverage of Internet Outage Detection in Sparse Blocks.- FlowTrace: A Framework for Active Bandwidth Measurements using In-band Packet Trains.- Security.- Leopard: Understanding the Threat of Blockchain Domain Name Based Malware.- To Filter or not to Filter: Measuring the Benefits of Registering in the RPKI Today.- A First Look in the Misuse and Abuse of the IPv4 Transfer Market.- Best Practices and Conformance.- Don't Forget to Lock the Front Door! Inferring the Deployment of Source Address Validation on Inbound Traffic.- MUST, SHOULD, DON'T CARE: TCP Conformance in the Wild.- Domain Names.- Extortion or Expansion? An Investigation Into the Costs and Consequences of ICANN's gTLD Experiments.- Counterfighting Counterfeit: Detecting and Taking Down Fraudulent Webshops at a ccTLD.- When Parents and Children Disagree: Diving Into DNS Delegation Inconsistency.- Topology and Routing.- A First Comparative Characterization of Multi-cloud Connectivity in Today's Internet.- Unintended Consequences: Effects of Submarine Cable Deployment on Internet Routing.- Topology: Alias Resolution.- Alias Resolution based on ICMP Rate Limiting.- APPLE: Alias Pruning by Path Length Estimation.- Web.- Dissecting the Workload of a Major Adult Video Portal.- Untangling Header Bidding Lore.- Understanding Video Streaming Algorithms in the Wild.- Exploring the Eastern Frontier: A First Look at Mobile App Tracking in China.