The basic logic is very simple. Countries around the globe have a need for more electrical generating capacity because of increases in population and increases in energy use per capita. The needs are constrained by the requirement that the ba- load energy source be economical, secure, and not emit climate-changing gases. Nuclear power fits this description. Therefore, many countries that have not had a nuclear power program (or only had a small program) see a need to develop one in the future. However, the development of a national nuclear energy program is not so simple. The purpose of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Power and Energy Security was to contribute to our understanding of how these programs might evolve. The workshop took place 26-29 May 2009 in Yerevan, Armenia. Approximately 50 participants discussed the infrastructure that is needed and some of the reactor options that might be considered. The papers in this book helped define the discussion that took place. The infrastructure that is needed includes a legal framework, a functioning regulator, a plan for waste disposal, a plan for emergency response, etc. These needs were explained and just as importantly, it was explained what international, bilateral, and regional cooperation is available. Although there were many co- tries represented, the Armenian experience was of particular interest because of where the meeting was located. The papers on reactor options covered both innovative and evolutionary designs.

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Preface.- RA President's Message.- Opening Remarks NATO Advanced Research Workshop; D. Diamond.- -Developing The Necessary Infrastructure. IAEA Activities in Support of Countries Considering Embarking on Nuclear Power Programme; O. Akira.-Creating a National Nuclear Regulatory Authority; R. Way.- Building Safeguards Infrastructure; J. McClelland-Kerr et al.- Regulatory Challenges Related To The Licensing Of A New Nuclear Power Plant; M. Maris.- Infrastructure Development Through Civil Nuclear Cooperation; M. Humphrey, A. Burkart.-Nuclear Safety Infrastructure; R. Moffitt.- Upgrading Nuclear Regulatory Infrastructure in Armenia; A. Martirosyan et al.- Seven Principles of Highly Effective Nuclear Energy Programs; Ch. Ferguson, Ph. Reed.- The Case For Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Safety and Energy Security; G. Trosman.-Nuclear Energy and Social Impact; N. Carpintero-Santamaria.-The Role of Nuclear Power in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions; A. Baratta.-Nuclear Energy & Energy Security; J. Mamasakhlisi.- Overview Of The Electricity Market Of Estonia And The Plausibility Of Nuclear Energy Production; M. Lehtveer, A. Tkaczyk.-The role of Small and Medium Reactors in the Energy Security of a Country, IRIS Example; N. Cavlina.-- Applicable Technology. Status Report on the Safety of Operating US Nuclear Power Plants; R. Budnitz.- NATO-ASTEC-MATRIX -Research Environment, Information Sharing and MC&A; S. Apikyan et al.- Establishing Control Over Nuclear Materials And Radiation Sources In Georgia; G. Basilia.- Nuclear Energy In Armenia History, Problems, Possibilities And Outlook; G. Sevikya et al.-Development of Nuclear Energy in Armenia; A. Gevorgyan, A.Galstyan.- Some Neutron Absorbing Elements and Devices for Fast Nuclear Reactors Regulation Systems; P. Kervalishvili.- Development of Design of a Radioisotope Switchable Neutron Source and New Portable Detector of Smuggling; L. Meskhi, L.Kurdadze.- New designs of medium power VVER reactor plants; S.B.Ryzhov et al.-National Assessment Study In Armenia Using Innovative Nuclear Reactors And Fuel Cycles Methodology For An Innovative Nuclear Systems In A Country With Small Grid; V. Sargysan et al.- CANDLE Reactor: An Option For Simple, Safe, High Nuclear Proliferation Resistant, Small Waste And Efficient Fuel Use Reactor; H. Sekimoto.- Emissions of the corrosion radionucides in an atmosphere; M. Vardanyan.- IAEA Support for Operating Nuclear Reactors; O. Akira.-The Solid Coolant and Prospects of Its Use in Innovative Reactors; A.M Dmitriev, V. Deniskin.- Innovation Projects of Atomic Energy Institute of National Nuclear Center RK in the Area of Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy; E.Kenzhin et al.- Innovative Designs of Nuclear Reactors; B. Gabaraev, Y. Cherepnin.- Development of Devices for Handling with BN-350 Radioactive Waste; A.G. Ikanov et al.- Institutional Support to the Nuclear Power Based on Transportable Installations; V. Kuznetsov, Y. Cherepnin.-International Cooperation and Security in the Field of Nuclear Energy in Armenia; D. Khachatryan et al.- Applied Model of Through-Wall Crack of Coolant Vessels of VVER-type Reactors; V.Petrosyan et al.-Index.