This book comprehensively discusses the role that non-state actors play in the Arctic and assesses the normative role of these actors. Beyond any organised forum, there are actors that have a significant impact on the way the Arctic is developed, adjudicated, managed, perceived, presented and represented. This book complements the literature on non-state actors in international law and international security, world politics and international relations and provides a geographical account of their role for the Arctic. The book content is not limited to a specific discipline, but takes into account different approaches to the topic. This means that it contains three types of contributions: research articles, shorter research notes and commentaries. While the research articles constitute the main body of the work, it is also the research notes which provide an insight into issues related to the topic of the book.

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Nikolas Sellheim holds a doctorate in law from the University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland. Having intensively published on Arctic governance and marine mammal issues, he specialises on the interplay between international conservation law and local communities. He has done fieldwork at the Barents Secretariat in Kirkenes, in the Canadian commercial seal hunt in Newfoundland and in the 'Cove' of Taiji, Japan. Nikolas conducted his two post-docs at the Polar Cooperation Research Centre at Kobe University, Japan, and at the Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science in Finland. He is Co-Editor-in-Chief of Polar Record, the journal of the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. Nikolas runs his own consultancy Sellheim Environmental (www.sellheimenvironmental.org).

Dwayne Ryan Menezes is the Founder and Managing Director of two London-based think-tanks, Polar Research and Policy Initiative (PRPI) and Human Security Centre (HSC). He is also the Director of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Greenland in the UK Parliament, Vice-President at Arctic Today, Advisory Board Member at JONAA, an Associate Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, and an Honorary Fellow at the UCL Institute of Risk and Disaster Reduction at University College London. He read history at the LSE and the University of Cambridge, graduating from the latter with a PhD, and has been affiliated since with research centres at Cambridge, Oxford and London. Formerly, he served as Consultant to the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, Principal Consultant to the European Parliament Intergroup on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Research Associate to a UN Special Rapporteur, Director of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Yemen in the UK Parliament, Governor of a Church of England school, and Founder and Director of the film company, Think-Film Impact Production. He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Royal Geographical Society and Royal Society of Arts.