Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity

Completely revised and updated, the fourth edition of this classic text continues to offer the reader a thorough understanding of viscoelastic behavior, essential for the proper utilization of polymers.

• Explains principles, corresponding equations, and experimental methods with supporting real-life applications

• Adds coverage of measurement techniques (nano-indentation, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS)), biopolymer viscoelasticity, and the relationship between mechanical polymer properties and viscoelastic functions

• Has two new ections to address modern areas of viscoelastic measurement: large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) and microrheology

• Includes problems in the text and an Instructor's Manual (including solutions) available for adopting professors

• Prior edition reviews: "The book is clear written and...[is] appropriate for students in introductory undergraduate courses and for others wanting introduction to the fundamentals of the subject." (CHOICE, December 2005); "This book is invariably well written, logically organized and easy to follow...I highly recommend this book to anyone studying polymer viscoelasticity." (Polymer News, December 2005)

Autorentext

MONTGOMERY T. SHAW, PhD, is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Connecticut. Among his books are the prior edition of Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity and Introduction to Polymer Rheology, both published by Wiley. WILLIAM J. MACKNIGHT, PhD, is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he was formerly the co-Principal Investigator for the Center for UMass/Industry Research on Polymers (CUMIRP). He has been a co-author for each edition of Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity, all published by Wiley.

Klappentext
The revised fourth edition of the text that offers a thorough understanding of viscoelastic behavior, essential for the proper utilization of polymers The thoroughly revised and updated fourth edition of Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity is the classic resource on the topic of molecular viscoelasticity. This important text bridges the gap between primers on polymer science and advanced research-level monographs. The authors assume a molecular, rather than a mechanical approach, and provide a strong grounding in the fundamental concepts, detailed derivations, and particular attention to assumptions, simplifications, and limitations. Revisions to the updated fourth edition feature the inclusion of new measurement techniques, coverage of biopolymer viscoelasticity, and a vital discussion of the relationship between mechanical polymer properties and viscoelastic functions. In addition, the text contains two entirely new sections that address modern areas of viscoelastic measurement: large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) and microrheology. The authors explain principles, corresponding equations, and experimental methods with supporting real-life applications and the text has supporting data available with a supplementary website. This important resource:

• Offers a completely revised and updated guide to molecular viscoelasticity
• Includes coverage of measurement techniques (nano-indentation, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS)), biopolymer viscoelasticity
• Explores the relationship between mechanical polymer properties and viscoelastic functions
• Offers two new sections that address modern areas of viscoelastic measurement: large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) and microrheology Written for polymer and materials scientists, chemical engineers, physical chemists, product design engineers, mechanical engineers, and students, Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity is the go-to resource for understanding the most current research and developments in the field.

Inhalt
Preface to the Fourth Edition xiii

Preface to the Third Edition xv

Preface to the Second Edition xviii

Preface to the First Edition xx

1. Introduction 1

PROBLEMS, 6

GENERAL REFERENCE TEXTS, 7

REFERENCES, 8

2. Phenomenological Treatment of Viscoelasticity 9

A. ELASTIC MODULUS, 9

B. TRANSIENT EXPERIMENTS, 21

C. DYNAMIC EXPERIMENTS, 25

1. Low-Strain Measurements, 25

2. Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS), 30

3. Microrheology, 34

D. BOLTZMANN SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE, 38

E. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CREEP COMPLIANCE AND THE STRESS RELAXATION MODULUS, 43

F. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES, 44

APPENDIX 2-1. Connecting Creep Compliance and Stress Relaxation Modulus Using Laplace Transforms, 45

APPENDIX 2-2. Borel's Theorem, 48

APPENDIX 2-3. Geometries for the Measurement of Viscoelastic Functions, 49

1. Linear Motion Geometries, 49

2. Rotational Motion Geometries, 53

PROBLEMS, 57

REFERENCES, 64

3. Viscoelastic Models 66

A. MECHANICAL ELEMENTS, 66

1. Maxwell Model, 68

2. Voigt Model, 74

3. Generalized Maxwell Model, 76

4. VoigtKelvin model, 79

B. DISTRIBUTIONS OF RELAXATION AND RETARDATION TIMES, 81

C. MOLECULAR THEORIESTHE ROUSE MODEL, 84

D. APPLICATION OF FLEXIBLE-CHAIN MODELS TO SOLUTIONS, 93

E. THE ZIMM MODIFICATION, 94

F. EXTENSION TO BULK POLYMER, 96

G. REPTATION, 108

APPENDIX 3-1: MANIPULATION OF THE ROUSE MATRIX, 112

PROBLEMS, 117

REFERENCES, 123

4. TimeTemperature Correspondence 125

A. FOUR REGIONS OF VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR, 125

B. TIMETEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION, 133

C. MASTER CURVES, 136

D. THE WLF EQUATION, 136

E. MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION OF VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE, 143

PROBLEMS, 144

REFERENCES, 149

5. Transitions and Relaxation in Amorphous Polymers 150

A. PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE GLASS TRANSITION, 150

B. THEORIES OF THE GLASS TRANSITION, 155

1. Free-Volume Theory, 155

2. Thermodynamic Theory, 158

3. Kinetic Theories, 164

C. STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE GLASS TRANSITION, 166

D. RELAXATIONS IN THE GLASSY STATE, 172

E. RELAXATION PROCESSES IN NETWORKS, 176

1. Physical Relaxation, 176

2. Chemical Processes, 177

F. BIOPOLYMER VISCOELASTICITY, 180

1. Biopolymer Sources, 180

2. Humidity Control, 181

3. Examples of Biopolymer Viscoelastic Response, 183

PROBLEMS, 189

REFERENCES, 196

6. Elasticity of Rubbery Networks 198

A. THERMODYNAMIC TREATMENT, 199

B. STATISTICAL TREATMENT, 205

1. Derivation, 205

2. Energy Contribution, 216

C. PHENOMENOLOGICAL TREATMENT, 220

D. FACTORS AFFECTING RUBBER ELASTICITY, 224

1. Effect of Degree of Crosslinking, 224

2. Effect of Swelling, 226

3. Effect of Fillers, 229

4. Effect of Strain-Induced Crystallization, 232

APPENDIX 6-1. Statistics of a Polymer Chain, 234

APPENDIX 6-2. Equation of State for a Polymer Chain, 240

PROBLEMS, 242

REFERENCES, 246

7. Dielectric and NMR Methods 249

A. DIELECTRIC METHODS, 249

1. Phenomenology, 250

2. Molecular Interpretation of Dielectric Constant, 257

3. Interfacial Polarization, 264

4. Application to Polymers, 265

5. Experimental Methods, 268

6. Application of Dielectric Relaxation to Poly(methyl methacrylate), 272

7. Comparisons between Mechanical and Dielectric Relaxation for Polymers, 273 B. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE M...