This book contains a study of the thermal processes initiated by attosecond laser pulses. Considering the existence of the experimental evidence for the trains of the attosecond laser pulses, we developed the theoretical framework for attophysics, i.e. physics of phenomena with time duration in the attosecond domain. This time domain is concerned with phenomena whose duration is much shorter than the relaxation time for atomic, molecular and nanoparticles scales.

Autorentext

Profesors Miroslaw Kozlowski and Janina Marciak-Kozlowska are the authors of five monographs concerning the basic problems of science and technology of materials investigated with lasers pulses. They published over 200 original scientific papers in Foundations of Physics Letters, Int. Journal of Thermophysics, Nuovo Cimento B and Laesers in Engineerring. Profesor Janina Marciak-Kozlowska has, also, directed five large industrial programs in the field of nanoscience granted by Polish Governement.

Klappentext

This book is based on the results of our interest in the ?eld of ultrashort laser pulses interaction with matter. The aim of our monograph was to build the balanced description of the thermal transport phenomena generated by laser pulses shorter than the characteristic relaxation time. In the book we explore the matter on the quark, nuclear as well atomic scales. Also on the cosmic scale (Planck Era) the thermal disturbance shorter than the Planck time creates the new picture of the Universe. The mathematics, especially PDE, are the main tool in the description of the ultrashort thermal phenomena. Two types of the PDE: parabolic and hyperbolic partial di?erential equations are of special interest in the study of the thermal processes. We assume a moderate knowledge of basic Fourier and d'Alembert eq- tions. The scope of the book is deliberately limited to the background of the quantum mechanics equations: Schr odinger and Klein-Gordon. In this book the attosecond laser pulses are the main source of the dist- bance of the thermal state of the matter. Recently, the attosecond laser pulses constitute a novel tool for probing processes taking place on the time scale of electron motion inside atoms. The research presented in this book appears to provide the basic tools and concepts for attosecond thermal dynamics. Nevertheless much research is still needed to make this emerging ?eld routinely applicable for a broad range of processes on atomic and subatomic scales.

Inhalt

Introduction.- Wave phenomena: an overview.- Hyperbolic partial differential equations and wave phenomena.- The discrete Boltzmann equation.- The existence of a solution for a hyperbolic equation.- Causal thermal phenomena, classical description.- Fundamentals of the rapid thermal processes.- The thermal wave as the solution of HHT.- Causal thermal phenomena, quantal description.- Discretization of the thermal excitation in high excited matter.- Klein-Gordon thermal equation.- Application of the quantum heat transport equation.- The Pauli-Heisenberg model.- Ballistic and diffusion heat transport.- Causal thermal phenomena in a Planck Era.- The time arrow in a Planck gas. -Klein-Gordon thermal equation for a Planck gas. -Attophysics and technology with ultra-short laser pulses. -Quantum heat transport: from basics to applications.- Looking into the nanoworld. -Faster, brighter, shorter. - Hyperbolic heat transport induced by zeptosecond laser pulse.- Possible thermal waves generation by femtosecond TESLA free electron lasers (FEL).- New laser facility LUX - Linac based ultra-fast X-ray laser facility.- Fundamental physics with attosecond laser pulses. -Precision measurements of the fundamental constant of nature.- The life of the universe.- Epilogue. The emergence of quantum dynamics in a classical world.- Key questions.- Schrödinger-Newton wave mechanics. The model.- Appendices.