Medaka

Explains the advantages of using medaka in experimental designs, to facilitate research, and to stimulate progress by adopting medaka as a model animal

The second volume of Medaka: Biology, Management, and Experimental Protocols, together with the first volume, helps to familiarize scientists with the advantages of using medaka in experimental designs, to facilitate research using medaka, and to stimulate progress by adopting medaka as a model animal. The second edition expands on the first by providing additional information and current protocols that have been recently developed, or modified, to successfully raise medaka fish under stable culture conditions in the laboratory.

This volume explores new technologies developed after 2009, using the fish as a molecular tool in the fields of life science, evolution, ecology, and toxicology. The authors--noted experts in the field--provide the latest information that spans the varied research disciplines and addresses the value to science of medaka's adoption as a model animal. This important book:

• Explores the advantages of using medaka in experimental designs, to facilitate research

• Details the most recent protocols to successfully raise medaka fish under stable conditions in the laboratory

• Explores the most recent developments in the field

• Provides step-by step specifics for each protocol, allowing researchers to adapt them for use in their own work

Written for students and researchers in fish biology and aquaculture, Medaka: Biology, Management, and Experimental Protocols, Volume 2 introduces the cutting edge research in basic and applied biology using medaka as a model animal as well as descriptions of experimental methods and protocols.

Autorentext

About the Editors Kenji Murata, Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, USA. Masato Kinoshita, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan. Kiyoshi Naruse, Laboratory of Bioresources/IBBP Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Japan. Minoru Tanaka, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Japan. Yasuhiro Kamei, Spectrography and Bioimagin Facility, NIBB Core Facilities, National, Institute for Basic Biology, Japan.

Inhalt
List of Contributors xv

Preface xxi

1 Medaka Management 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Medaka Management for Scientific Research 1

1.2.1 Outline of medaka lifecycle in the wild 2

1.2.2 Preparation of normal rearing conditions of medaka in the laboratory and procedures for breeding 2

1.2.2.1 Breeding system setup 2

1.2.2.2 Obtaining medaka 3

1.2.2.3 Collecting eggs in a laboratory setting 3

1.2.2.4 Daily care and maintenance of eggs 4

1.2.2.5 Rearing medaka from the larval stage to adulthood 4

1.2.2.6 Anesthesia and euthanasia 4

1.3 Standardized Culture and Growth Curve 7

1.3.1 Characteristics and selection of strains 7

1.3.2 Management of medaka eggs and fish 8

1.3.2.1 Mating 8

1.3.2.2 Management of embryos 8

1.3.2.3 Management of embryos before hatching 13

1.3.2.4 Rearing from the larval stage to adulthood (to induce earlier maturation) 14

1.3.3 Maintenance of breeding tanks during breeding 23

1.3.3.1 Judgment of water quality 23

1.3.3.2 Maintenance of breeding water 24

1.3.4 Anesthesia 25

1.3.4.1 Behavior under each anesthesia stage 26

1.3.4.2 Difference in sensitivity to anesthesia among strains 26

1.3.4.3 Growth stage specificity in sensitivity to MS222 27

1.3.4.4 Eugenol is recommended as an anesthetic reagent 28

1.3.4.5 Euthanasia 28

1.3.4.6 Important reminders for euthanasia 29

2 Medaka and Oryzias Species as Model Organisms and the Current Status of Medaka Biological Resources 31

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 Common and Unique Futures of Medaka and Related Species as Model Organisms 31

2.3 Phylogenetic Relationships of Medaka and Related Species 35

2.3.1 The javanicus species group 35

2.3.2 The latipes species group 40

2.3.3 The celebensis species group 42

2.4 BAC Resources of Species Related to Medaka 43

2.5 National BioResource Project Medaka (NBRP Medaka) 43

2.5.1 Support for visiting researchers 45

3 Looking at Adult Medaka 49

3.1 General Morphology 49

3.1.1 Secondary sexual characters 49

3.1.1.1 Dorsal fin 49

3.1.1.2 Anal fin 49

3.1.1.3 Papillar processes 50

3.1.1.4 Urogenital papillae 50

3.1.2 Body color 51

3.1.2.1 Pigment cells (chromatophores) 51

3.1.2.2 Structures of the chromatophores 51

3.1.2.3 Chromatophores in medaka 51

3.1.2.4 Chromatophore distribution in medaka 55

3.1.2.5 Seethrough medaka 56

3.2 Anatomy and Histology 56

3.2.1 Observations of internal organs 56

3.2.1.1 Observations of internal organs in the live seethrough medaka 56

3.2.1.2 Dissection of adult medaka 58

3.2.2 Horizontal and sagittal sections of juvenile medaka 58

3.2.3 Nervous system 58

3.2.3.1 Adult central nervous system 58

3.2.3.2 Adult peripheral nervous system 67

3.2.4 Endocrine system 74

3.2.4.1 Hypothalamopituitary system 76

3.2.4.2 Pineal organ (epiphysis) 78

3.2.4.3 Thyroid gland 79

3.2.4.4 Heart 81

3.2.4.5 Interrenal gland and chromaffin cells 81

3.2.4.6 Gonads 81

3.2.4.7 Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) 81

3.2.4.8 Gastrointestinal tract 81

3.2.4.9 Ultimobranchial gland 82

3.2.4.10 Corpuscle of Stannius 82

3.2.4.11 Urophysis 83

3.2.4.12 Thymus 83

3.2.5 Gonads 83

3.2.5.1 Ovary 83

3.2.5.2 Testis 85

3.2.6 Kidney 85

3.2.6.1 Pronephros 86

3.2.6.2 Mesonephros 86

3.2.6.3 Histology of the kidney 86

Column 3.1 How to make sections of a mature ovary for histological analysis 88

4 Looking at Medaka Embryos 97 <p&...