This volume represents the written account of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics" held at Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece from 12 June to 23 June 1989. The goal of the Institute was to demonstrate the breadth of chemical and physical knowledge that has been acquired in the last 20 years in inorganic and organic crystals, polymers, and thin films, which exhibit phenomena of reduced dimensionality. The interest in these systems started in the late 1960's with lower-dimensional inorganic conductors, in the early 1970's with quasi-one-dimensional crystalline organic conductors. which by 1979 led to the first organic superconductors, and, in 1977, to the fITSt conducting polymers. The study of monolayer films (Langmuir-Blodgett films) had progressed since the 1930's, but reached a great upsurge in . the early 1980's. The pursuit of non-linear optical phenomena became increasingly popular in the early 1980's, as the attention turned from inorganic crystals to organic films and polymers. And in the last few years the term "moleculw' electronics" has gained ever-increasing acceptance, although it is used in several contexts. We now have organic superconductors with critical temperatures in excess of 10 K, conducting polymers that are soluble and processable, and used commercially; we have films of a few monolayers that have high in-plane electrical conductivity, and polymers that show great promise in photonics; we even have a few devices that function almost at the molecular level.

Inhalt

Plenary Lectures: Charge-Transfer Compounds.- Design Constraints for Organic Metals and Superconductors.- Structural Properties of Molecular Charge-Transfer Conductors and Semiconductors from Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.- Plenary Lectures: Ion-Radical Salts and Superconductors.- Review of the Radical-Ion Salts.- Frontiers of Organic Superconductors.- Recent Developments in Organic Superconductors.- Structure-Property Relationships As an Aid in the Rational Design of ?-(ET)2X Organic Superconductors.- Transport Properties of Single Crystals and Polycrystalline Pressed Samples of (BEDT-TTF)2X Salts And Related Coordination Polymers.- Superconductivity in Molecular and Oxide Lattices: A Comparison.- Optical Studies of the Interplay Between Electron-Lattice and Electron-Electron Interactions in Organic Conductors and Superconductors.- Design and Synthesis of Polyheterotetraheterafulvalenes, Metal 1,2-Diheterolenes, and Their Low-Dimensional Conducting and Superconducting Salts.- Communications: Ion-Radical Conductors.- 135 K Crystallographic and Electronic Structure of (TMTTF)2SbF6.- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Organic Conductors (BEDT-TTF)2X.- Organic Metals from Chiral BEDT-TTF Donors.- New Conducting Solids Based on Some Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical ?-Donors.- TTF-Derivaitve Radical Cation Salts with Planar Tetracyanometallate Dianions and Large Acceptor Polymetallates.- New Synthetic Metal Precursors: Substituted Tetrathiotetracene and Related Compounds.- Spectroscopic Investigation of (2,5-DM-DCQNI)2M Materials in Bulk and Thin Film Forms.- The Series of Organic Conductors: (PERYLENE)x[M(mnt)2].- Transport and Magnetic Properties of (PERYLENE)2 Au(i-mnt)2.- The Metalloporphyrins of Group IIIB As Precursors in Low-Dimensional Molecular Solids.- Communications: Organic Superconductors.- Crystal Structures and Physical Properties of Dmet Superconductors.- Radical Cation Salts of BEDT-TTF with Metal-Thiocyanato Anions.- Magnetotransport in (BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2: Shubnikov-De Haas Effect and Upper Critical Field.- Raman Investigations on Single Crystals and Polycrystalline Pressed Samples of Organic Superconductors.- Calorimetric Studies of the Quantized Magnetic Ordering in the Organic Metal (TMTSF)2ClO4.- Nonlinear Electrical Transport Effects in the Spin-Density Wave State of the Organic Conductors (TMTSF)2X.- Two New Phases of (ET)2I3 (?d' and ?d).- Communications: Inorganic Lower-Dimensional Systems.- One-Dimensional Linear-Chain Complexes of Platinum, Palladium, and Nickel.- Polarons and Solitons in Halogen-Bridged Platinum Complexes.- Sliding Charge-Density Waves in Inorganic Crystals.- Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Conductivity of the First Large Organic Electron Intercalates of Graphite.- Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Superconductivity in Novel Neutral Organic Intercalates of TaS2 and TiS2.- Plenary Lectures: Conducting Polymers.- Recent Progress in Conducting Polymers: Can We Expect Polymers with Conductivity Greater Than Copper and Strength Greater Than Steel?.- The Polyanilines: Recent Advances in Chemistry And Processing.- Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Polyaniline Processed from Sulfuric Acid and in Solution in Sulfuric Acid.- Polyaniline: New Physics in an Old Polymer.- Vibrational Molecular Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymers: A Guided Tour.- Communications: Conducting Polymers.- Anellateddipyrrolyl Systems: Synthesis and Electrical Properties of the Polymers.- Conducting Polymers From, 4-Cycloalkylthiophenes 363.- Orientation of Stretched Poly(3-Octylthiophene) Films: Visible and Infrared Dichroism Studies.- Vibrational Properties of Conducting Polymers with Aromatic or Heteroaromatic Rings.- Structural Investigation and Electrical Properties of Poly(P-Phenylene) Prepared in Two Different Ways.- Raman Cross-Sections of Highly Oriented CIS Polyacetylene.- Characterisation of Poly(P-Phenylene Vinylene) [PPV] Prepared by Different Precursor Routes.- Electrochemical Doping Processes of Conducting Polymers Studied with in Situ Ftir Spectroscopy.- Evolution of Electric Permittivities of pTS and pFBS Diacetylenes During Solid-State Polymerization.- Structural Characterization of Thiophene-Based Monomers, Polymers, and Oligomers, As Powders, Thick and Thin Films.- Transient Photoconductivity in Oriented Conjugated Polymers.- Encapsulation of Conducting Polymers Within Zeolites.- Low-Dimensional Electrically Conductive Systems. Intercalated Polymers in V2O5 Xerogels.- Gamma Irradiation of Poly(Pyrrole)-Coated Pt Electrodes: The Effect on the Electrochemical Behavior.- Communications: Theory.- Beyond the Hubbard Model: Screened Interactions in D 441.- Theoretical Characterization of the Electronic Structure of Poly(Heteroaromatic Vinylenes).- Theoretical Design of Organic Metals Based on the Phthalocyanine Macrocycle.- Electrically Conductive Phthalocyanine Assemblies. Structural and Non-Integer Oxidation Number Considerations.- Valence-Bond Treatment of 3/4-Filled Dimerized Chains -Extended Hubbard Results.- Plenary Lectures: Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Possible Niches for Langmuir Blodgett Films.- Investigations of the Microstructure of Lipid Interface Films.- Charge-Transfer Conducting Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Solid-State Molecular Engineering in Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Communications: Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Development of Novel Conductive Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Metallic Properties and Photochemical Switching Phenomena.- The Quest for Highly Conducting L-B Films.- Langmuir-Blodgett Films from Donor-Acceptor Substituted Polyenes.- Langmuir-Blodgett Films of a Pyrrole and Ferrocene Mixed Surfactant System.- Measurement Techniques in Pyroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on the Photovoltaic Parameters of Chlorophyll b Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Plenary Lectures: Non-Linear Optics.- Photonics and Non-Linear Optics - Materials and Devices.- Langmuir-Blodgett Films for Non-Linear Optics.- All-Optical Switching Using Optical Fibers and Non-Linear Organic Liquids.- Optical Studies of Amphiphilic Molecules with Interesting Electro-Optical and Non-Linear Optical Properties.- Communication: Non-Linear Optics.- The Use of the Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique in Non-Linear Optics.- Plenary Lecture: Molecular Devices.- Review of the Organic Rectifier Project: Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Donor-Sigma-Accept…