This book is about the drift, diffusion, and reaction of ions moving through gases under the influence of an external electric field, the gas temperature, and the number density. While this field was established late in the 19th century, experimental and theoretical studies of ion and electron swarms continue to be important in such varied fields as atomic and molecular physics, aeronomy and atmospheric chemistry, gaseous electronics, plasma processing, and laser physics. This book follows in the rigorous tradition of well-known older books on the subject, while at the same time providing a much-needed overview of modern developments with a focus on theory. Graduate students and researchers new to this field will find this book an indispensable guide, particularly those involved with ion mobility spectrometry and the use of ion transport coefficients to test and improve ab initio ion-neutral interaction potentials. Established researchers and academics will find in thisbook a modern companion to the classic references.

Autorentext
Larry Viehland has been a Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Science at Chatham University since 1999, and was Chair of the Department of Science from 1999 to 2015. He previously held positions at Saint Louis University and Brown University, in addition to numerous visiting professorships around the world, following the completion of his PhD at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His research is concerned with the development and application of kinetic theories that accurately describe the transport and reaction-rate coefficients of ions in gases and with developing and testing ion-neutral interaction potentials.

Inhalt

Tentative Table of Contents. 1/1/18

Preface

Ch. 1: Introduction

1. Definition and Importance of Swarms

2. Air and Vacuum Pumps

3. Static Electricity

4. Current Electricity

5. Faraday's Laws of Electricity

6. Electrical Conduction

7. Ions

8. Ion Swarms, 1896-1928

9. Ion Diffusion, 1855-1926

10. Electron Swarms, 1900-1922

11. Early Kinetic Theory, 1905-1931

12. Mass Spectrometers

13. Ion Swarms, 1928-1960

14. Electron Swarms, 1922-1965

15. Electron and Ion Swarms, 1960-1975

16. Atomic Ion-Atom Kinetic Theory

17. Ion-Neutral Reactions

18. Improved Kinetic Theories

19. Generalized Einstein Relations

20. Transport with Molecular Systems

Ch. 2: Experiments and Elementary Theory

1. General Assumptions

2. Basics of Drift Tubes

3. Drift-Tube Mass Spectrometers

4. Plasma Chromatographs/Ion Mobility Spectrometers

5. Qualitative Momentum-Transfer Theories

Ch. 3: Momentum-Transfer Theory

1. Essentials of Momentum-Transfer Theory

2. Relative Speed

3. Cross Sections

(a) Momentum Transfer in a Collision

(b) Average Momentum Transfer

4. Average Ion Momentum Lost in a Collision

(a) Average Drift Speed between Collision

(b) Classification of Collisions

(c) Archetype Collisions

5. Fundamental Ion Mobility Equation

6. Discussion

Ch. 4: The Boltzmann Equation

1. General Form

2. The Non-Reactive Collision Term

3. Reactive Collision Terms

4. Properties of an Ion Ensemble

5. Quantum-Mechanical Effects

6. The Maxwell Model

7. Rate Equation of Continuity

Ch. 5: Moment Method for Solving the Boltzmann Equation

1. Introduction

2. Cautionary Notes about Moment Methods

3. General Moment Equations

4. Successive Approximations

5. Solutions by the Method of Weighted Residuals

6. Basis Functions in General

7. One-Temperature Basis Functions

8. Two-Temperature Basis Functions

9. Matrix Elements in the Two-Temperature Method

10. Successive Approximations to the Mobility, Diffusion and Reaction-Rate Coefficients

11. Three-Temperature Basis Functions

12. Three-Temperature Numerical Results

Ch. 6: Gram-Charlier Approach to Ion-Molecule Reactions

Ch. 7: Connections with Atomic Ion-Atom Interaction Potentials

1. Ab Initio Ion-Neutral Interaction Potentials

2. Transport Cross Sections and Computer Program PC

3. Kinetic Theory using Gram-Charlier Approach and Computer Program GC

4. Zero-Field Mobilities

5. Field-Dependent Mobilities

6. Status of Tests of Interaction Potentials

Ch. 8: Molecular Ion and Neutrals

1. Visualization of Atomic Ion Velocity Distribution Functions

2. Implications for Ion-Molecule Reactions in the Upper Atmosphere

3. Extensions of the Boltzmann Equation

4. Ab Initio Calculations for Atomic Ions in Diatomic Neutrals

5. Ab Initio Calculations for Diatomic Ions in Atomic Neutrals

6. A Simple Way Forward: The Monchick-Mason Approximation

7. Beyond the Monchick-Mason Approximation

Ch. 9: Summary and Prognosis

Appendix A: Mathematics

Index