CHF159.00
Download steht sofort bereit
This book presents an overview of the chemistry, geology,
toxicology and environmental impacts of arsenic, presenting
information on relatively common arsenic minerals and their key
properties. In addition, it includes discussions on the
environmental impacts of the release of arsenic from mining and
coal combustion.
Although the environmental regulations of different nations vary
and change over time, prominent International, North American, and
European guidelines and regulations on arsenic will be
reviewed.
Includes information on recent environmental catastrophes (e.g.
Bangladesh and China)
A thorough discussion of the arsenic cycle, including the
cosmological origin of arsenic
Includes Appendices providing extensive glossary and
measurement conversion tables
Autorentext
Kevin Henke is a research scientist at the Centre for Applied Energy Research at the University of Kentucky. He has a M.S. and? Ph.D. in Geology from the University of North Dakota. His research includes investigating water and air quality issues related to coal combustion, studying the impact of mercury and other heavy metals on water quality, and investigating the leaching of inorganics from coal combustion by-products. He is also visiting Assistant Professor of Geology, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (1998, 2000-2002) and has taught geochemistry, mineralogy, teaching methods courses, and undergraduate introductory courses in environmental geology, natural resources and physical geology. Professor David A. Atwood, is based in the Chemistry Department of the University of Kentucky. He obtained his B.S. from the University of Alabama and his Ph.D. from the University of Texas in 1992. Research in the Atwood group is designed to address both fundamental and applied aspects of the main group metals. Professor Atwood's teaching includes courses in solid-state materials including biomineralization. Dr Lisa Blue is a graduate student based in the chemistry department of the University of Kentucky.
Zusammenfassung
This book presents an overview of the chemistry, geology, toxicology and environmental impacts of arsenic, presenting information on relatively common arsenic minerals and their key properties. In addition, it includes discussions on the environmental impacts of the release of arsenic from mining and coal combustion. Although the environmental regulations of different nations vary and change over time, prominent International, North American, and European guidelines and regulations on arsenic will be reviewed.
Inhalt
List of contributors xv
Preface xvii
1. Introduction 1
Kevin R. Henke
1.1 Arsenic origin, chemistry, and use 1
1.2 Arsenic environmental impacts 2
1.3 Arsenic toxicity 3
1.4 Arsenic treatment and remediation 3
1.4.1 Introduction 3
1.4.2 Treatment and remediation of water 4
1.4.3 Treatment and remediation of solid wastes, soils, and sediments 4
1.4.4 Treatment of flue gases 5
References 5
2. Arsenic Chemistry 9
Kevin R. Henke and Aaron Hutchison
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Atomic structure and isotopes of arsenic 9
2.3 Arsenic valence state and bonding 10
2.4 Chemistry of arsenic solids 13
2.4.1 Elemental arsenic 13
2.4.2 Common arsenic minerals and other solid arsenic compounds 15
2.4.3 Arsine and other volatile arsenic compounds 24
2.4.4 Organoarsenicals 24
2.5 Introduction to arsenic oxidation and reduction 26
2.5.1 Arsenic oxidation 26
2.5.2 Arsenic reduction 27
2.6 Introduction to arsenic methylation and demethylation 28
2.7 Arsenic in water 30
2.7.1 Introduction 30
2.7.2 Aqueous solubility of arsenic compounds and thermodynamics 31
2.7.3 Dissolved arsenic species 40
2.7.4 Dissociation of arsenious and arsenic acids 42
2.7.5 Eh-pH diagrams, and their limitations 45
2.7.6 Sorption, ion exchange, precipitation, and coprecipitation of arsenic in water 46
2.8 Chemistry of gaseous arsenic emissions 57
References 59
**3 Arsenic in Natural Environments 69
Kevin R. Henke
3.1 Introduction 69
3.2 Nucleosynthesis: the origin of arsenic 70
3.2.1 The Big Bang 70
3.2.2 Arsenic formation in stars 70
3.3 Arsenic in the universe as a whole 73
3.4 Arsenic chemistry of the solar system 73
3.4.1 Arsenic in the Sun, Moon, and planets 73
3.4.2 Arsenic in meteorites and tektites 74
3.5 Arsenic in the bulk Earth, crusts, and interior 77
3.5.1 Estimating arsenic concentrations of the bulk Earth and the Earth's core and mantle 77
3.5.2 The core 78
3.5.3 The mantle 78
3.5.4 The Earth's crusts 79
3.6 Arsenic in hydrothermal and geothermal fluids and their deposits 82
3.6.1 Introduction 82
3.6.2 Origins of hydrothermal fluids and their arsenic 83
3.6.3 Arsenic chemistry of hydrothermal fluids 85
3.6.4 Arsenic mineralogy of hydrothermal deposits 91
3.6.5 Surface and near-surface oxidation of hydrothermal arsenic 93
3.6.6 Arsenic chemistry in hot springs 94
3.6.7 Arsenic in geothermal power plant scales 95
3.6.8 Arsenic in volcanic gas emissions 96
3.6.9 Environmental impacts of arsenic in hydrothermal and geothermal fluids 96
3.7 Oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfides in geologic materials and mining wastes 97
3.7.1 Oxidation of sulfide minerals 97
3.7.2 Factors influencing the oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfide minerals 97
3.7.3 Environmental consequences of sulfide and arsenic oxidation 99
3.7.4 Oxidation chemistry of major arsenic-bearing sulfides 102
3.8 Interactions between arsenic and natural organic matter (NOM) 106
3.9 Sorption and coprecipitation of arsenic with iron and other (oxy)(hydr)oxides 106
3.9.1 Introduction 106
3.9.2 Iron, aluminum, and manganese (oxy)(hydr)oxides 107
3.9.3 Sulfate (oxy)(hydr)oxides and related compounds 108
3.10 Arsenate (inorganic As(V)) precipitation 110
3.11 Reductive dissolution of iron and manganese (oxy)(hydr)oxides 110
3.12 Arsenic and sulfide at < 50 c 114
3.13 Arsenic and its chemistry in mined materials 115
3.13.1 Environmental issues with arsenic-bearing sulfide minerals in coal and ore deposits 115
3.13.2 Behavior of arsenic within mining wastes 115 <p>...