New approach to d'Alembert thoughts in fluid theory The d'Alembert success and mistakes in the fluid theory The turning point in the fluid theory evolution

Autorentext

Julián Simón obtained the degree in Aeronautical Engineering of the Polytechnical University of Madrid in 1966. For more than 40 years, until his retirement in 2007, he worked in the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA). He passed through all the professional positions of the Institute. However, in those 40 years, his principal tasks were related to rockets, from sounding rockets until launcher vehicles. He worked in aerodynamics, flight dynamics, solid motors and project management. He also participated in several international committees as the Spanish representative.

From the beginning of his professional life he was involved in the Spanish National Aeronautical Association, being elected member of the board several times.

In 1986 he obtained the degree in Philosophy in the Spanish Open University (UNED) and in 1992 the doctorate. Even when his main job was always rather intense, he tried to combine it with the History of Science, especially the origin of the fluid mechanics, given his knowledge of that subject. He has produced two books and several articles on this matter.

Zusammenfassung

In the commentaries to this book we try to understand d'Alembert thoughts and how he contrives to translate his ideas on mechanics to the fluid realm with a new and radical point of view; how he arrives at the first two fundamental differential equations among the velocity components; and how he tries to reduce the resistance of a moving body, which is a change of its momentum, to the hydrostatical pressure, which is related to the gravity. All this knowing that his mechanics has no forces and no pressures as well, and that the fluids are aggregates of individual particles.

The essay A New Theory of the Resistance of Fluids was a turning point in Fluid Mechanics because clearly, for the first time, the resistance is shown as the results of a fluid subjected to differential equations in a continuous mode instead of a set of impacts of individual particles. This contribution has been recognized by the scholars. However, only partial attention has been p aid to this work, which can be justified due to the difficulty in its reading and also because it was eclipsed by the publication, a few years later, of Euler's *three Memoirs* that established modern hydrodynamics.

Inhalt
Part I: Sustainable Tropical Agriculture,- Chapter 1: Induce Resistant using Trichoderma spp. and Penicillium sp. against Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Maize (Amarilisa Kusuma, Ani Widiastuti and Achmadi Priyatmojo).- Chapter 2: Detection of Resistance against Begomovirus using SCAR Marker on Melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Hikapel) (Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti, Ulinnuha Erlina Fatmawati and Budi Setiadi Daryono).- Chapter 3: The Influence of Cow Manure and Chicken Manure on Soil Fauna Abundance and Nitrogen Uptake of Rice Plant of Conventional to Organic Farming System (Indah Utami, Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami and Siwi Indarti).- Chapter 4: The Study of Technology Adoption on Integrated Crop Management (PTT) of Paddy Rice in Aceh Province (Basri A. Bakar, Abdul Azis and Nazariah).- Chapter 5: Growth and Yield of Three Rice Cultivars in Several Salinity Levels at Coastal Sandy Soil of Yogyakarta (Budiastuti Kurniasih, Nur Azizah Uswatun Hasanah and Tohari).- Chapter 6: Genetic Diversity of Pyricularia oryzae the Causal Agent of Rice Blast Disease Based on Repetitive Elementbased Polymerase Chain Reaction (Danar Wicaksono, Arif Wibowo and Ani Widiastuti).- Chapter 7: Effectiveness of Manure Addition and Mycorrhiza on Phosphorus Uptake and Yield of Mayze in Inceptisol Kalitirto (Dasih Rahmawati, Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami and Cahyo Wulandari).- Chapter 8: Effect of Rice Husk Ash in Physiological Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 'Cempo Merah' and 'Segreng' under Drought (Diah Rachmawati, Maryani, and Ulfatul Masruroh).- Chapter 9: Molecular Evidence for Mixed Infections of Four Begomoviruses on Common Beans and Yard Long Bean Showing Severe Yellow Symptoms in East Java, Indonesia (Effi Alfiani Sidik, Sedyo Hartono, Sri Sulandari, Rudy Lukman, Ahmad Affifudin, Denih Wahyudin and Haryono Budi Santoso).- Chapter 10: The Effect of Peptone on Embrio Development of Orchid During In Vitro Culture (Endang Semiarti, Nintya Setiari, Wahyu DewiAstutiningrum, Steffani Nurliana and Windi Mose).- Chapter 11: Competitiveness Analysis of Sugarcane Farming in Bantul (Hadfina Nurjanah, Masyhuri, Suhatmini Hardyastuti and Hani Perwitasari).- Chapter 12: Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilizers, Straw Compost on the Content of Phosphorus and Zinc in Rice (Hamidah Hanum and Yaya Hasanah).- Chapter 13: Detection of Mycotoxin-encoding Genes in Fusarium spp. Isolated from Maize Kernels in Indonesia (Kurnia Ritma Dhanti, Ani Widiastuti and Tri Joko).- Chapter 14: Factors Influencing the Activeness of Agricultural Co-operative Members in Yogyakarta Special Region (Lestari Rahayu Waluyati, Jamhari and Abi Pratiwo Siregar).- Chapter 15: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Trichoderma spp. against Downy Mildew in Maize (Lili Asmawati, Ani Widiastuti and Christanti Sumardiyono).- Chapter 16: Molecular Performance of MTG (Moderat Tahan Gano) Oil Palm Variety based on SSR Markers (Lillo Agustina P. Putri, Hot Setiado, Indra Syahputra, Deni Arifiyanto and Rika Hardianti).- Chapter 17: Impact of "System of Rice Intensification" to the Abundance of Rice Pests(Mofit Eko Poerwanto and Oktavia Sarhesti Padmini).- Chapter 18: Stabilization of Food Self Sufficiency through Biomanagement Agroforestry Systems in Industrial Plantation Forest (Muhammad Hatta).- Chapter 19: Analysis of Agronomic Characters in Soybean Genotype by Antioxidant Application under Salt Stress (Nini Rahmawati, Revandy Iskandar Muda Damanik and Rosmayati).- Chapter 20: Fish Quality Evaluation Using Quality Index Method (QIM), Correlating with Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Changes During the Ice-Storage Period: A Review (Nodali Ndraha).- Chapter 21: Analysis of SOM and Soil Nutrients for Sustainable Agriculture in Hilly Areas: Central Part of Bogowonto Catchment, Java, Indonesia (Nur Ainun Pulungan, Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami, Benito Heru Purwanto, Junun Sartohadi, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter),- Chapter 22:Roots Anatomy and Growth Responses of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) 'Wilis to NaCl Stress (Nuri Khasanah and Maryani).- Chapter 23: The Influences of Plant Residue Input at Two Coastal Land Uses to Soil Dissolved Base Cations (Rabiatul Jannah, Azwar Maas and Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami).- Chapter 24: Role of Extension Workers in Promoting the Integrated Farming System Sustainability in Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Raden Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra and Fransiskus Trisakti Haryadi).- Chapter 25: Pathogenicity of Nematofagous Fungal to Control Nematode Pratylenchus coffeae to Coffee Plant (Rinda Fajrin Aldina, Siwi Indarti and Arif Wibowo).- Chapter 26: Genetic Advance, Heritability and Correlation of Agronomic Characters of Soybean (Glycine max L.) F4 Hybridization between Salt Resistance Genotype and Anjasmoro Variety.- Chapter 27: Analysis of the Household Economics of Ex-Rubber Farmers UPP TCSDP in Koto Damai Village of Kampar Kiri Tengah District Kampar Regency (Shorea Khaswarina).- Chapter 28: Local Food Institutions Empowerm...