Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery

Crude oil development and production in U.S. oil reservoirs can include up to three distinct phases: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or enhanced) recovery. During primary recovery, the natural pressure of the reservoir or gravity drive oil into the wellbore, combined with artificial lift techniques (such as pumps) which bring the oil to the surface. But only about 10 percent of a reservoir's original oil in place is typically produced during primary recovery. Secondary recovery techniques to the field's productive life generally by injecting water or gas to displace oil and drive it to a production wellbore, resulting in the recovery of 20 to 40 percent of the original oil in place.

In the past two decades, major oil companies and research organizations have conducted extensive theoretical and laboratory EOR (enhanced oil recovery) researches, to include validating pilot and field trials relevant to much needed domestic commercial application, while western countries had terminated such endeavours almost completely due to low oil prices. In recent years, oil demand has soared and now these operations have become more desirable. This book is about the recent developments in the area as well as the technology for enhancing oil recovery. The book provides important case studies related to over one hundred EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. These case studies focus on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modelling methods, operational parameters (e.g., injected chemical concentration, slug sizes, flooding schemes and well spacing), solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies. The book strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice, and would be invaluable to academicians and oil company practitioners alike.

• Updated chemical EOR fundamentals providing clear picture of fundamental concepts
• Practical cases with problems and solutions providing practical analogues and experiences
• Actual data regarding ranges of operation parameters providing initial design parameters
• Step-by-step calculation examples providing practical engineers with convenient procedures

Autorentext

James Sheng is currently a professor in petroleum engineering at Texas Tech University specializing in oil recovery research. Previously, he was a Senior Research Engineer with Total E&P USA, Team Leader Scientist with Baker Hughes, and a reservoir engineer with Shell, Kuwait Oil Company, and the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development in China. James has authored 2 books, both with Elsevier, over 70 articles, presented over 100 papers worldwide, and earned 4 patents to date. He earned a PhD and MSc from the University of Alberta, and a BSc from the University of Petroleum in China, all in petroleum engineering.

Inhalt

1. Mobility Control 2. Polymer Flooding 3. Surfactant Flooding 4. Surfactant-Polymer Flooding (SP) 5. Alkaline Flooding 6. Alkaline-Polymer Flooding 7. Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding (ASP) 8. Foam Flooding 9. Numerical Simulation of Chemical EOR Processes

Appendix A - Periodic Table of the Elements Appendix B - Chemistry Basics Appendix C - Fluid and Rock Property Data and Supporting Data for Chemical EOR