Gyroid Optical Metamaterials

This thesis explores the fabrication of gyroid-forming block copolymer templates and the optical properties of the resulting gyroid optical metamaterials, significantly contributing to our understanding of both. It demonstrates solvent vapour annealing to improve the long-range order of the templates, and investigates the unique crystallisation behaviour of their semicrystalline block. Furthermore, it shows that gyroid optical metamaterials that exhibit only short-range order are optically equivalent to nanoporous gold, and that the anomalous linear dichroism of gyroid optical metamaterials with long-range order is the result of the surface termination of the bulk gyroid morphology. Optical metamaterials are artificially engineered materials that, by virtue of their structure rather than their chemistry, may exhibit various optical properties not otherwise encountered in nature (e.g. a negative refractive index). However, these structures must be significantly smaller than the wavelength of visible light and are therefore challenging to fabricate using traditional "top down" techniques. Instead, a "bottom up" approach can be used, whereby optical metamaterials are fabricated via templates created by the self-assembly of block-copolymers. One such morphology is the gyroid, a chiral, continuous and triply periodic cubic network found in a range of natural and synthetic self-assembled systems.

Autorentext

James completed his PhD, an interdisciplinary collaboration between the Departments of Engineering and Physics at the University of Cambridge, as part of the Nano Doctoral Training Centre (NanoDTC). Prior to this, he graduated with an MEng in Engineering Science from the University of Oxford, where he specialised in electrical, electronic and control engineering.

Inhalt

Introduction.- Theory and Literature.- Methods.- Part I: Sovent Vapour Annealing of a Gyroid-Forming Triblock Terpolimer.- Insitu GISAXS During Solvent Vapour Annealing of a Gyroid-Forming Iso Triblock Terpolimer.- Crystallisation within a Single Gyroid Network.- Part II: Optical Anisotropy in Gyroid Optical Metamaterials.- Multi-domain Gyroid Optical Metamaterials.- Single-Domain Gyroid Optical Metamaterials.- Conclusions and Outlook.