An overview of the recent progress of research in computational physics and materials science. Particular topics are modelling of traffic flow and complex multi-scale solidification phenomena. The sections introduce novel research results of experts from a considerable diversity of disciplines such as physics, mathematical and computational modelling, nonlinear dynamics, materials sciences, statistical mechanics and foundry technique.

The book intends to create a comprehensive and coherent image of the current research status and illustrates new simulation results of transport and interface dynamics by high resolution graphics. Various possible perspectives are formulated for future activities. Special emphasis is laid on exchanging experiences concerning numerical tools and on the bridging of the scales as is necessary in a variety of scientific and engineering applications. An interesting possibility along this line was the coupling of different computational approaches leading to hybrid simulations.

Inhalt

I INTERFACE DYNAMICS: Phenomenology and Modelling.- Melting Kinetics of Prolate Spheroidal Crystals.- Deterministic Behaviour in Sidebranching Development.- Growth Dynamics during Solidification of Undercooled Melts.- Thermodynamics of Diffuse Interfaces.- Computer Investigation of the Influence of the Internal Structure Topology on the Percolation Process in Two- and Three-Dimensional Inhomogeneous Systems.- Electron Transport of Nanoperm Alloys.- Self-Organized Formation of Fractal and Regular Pores in Semiconductors.- Evolution and Shapes of Dunes.- Morphogenesis of Growing Amorphous Films.- II INTERFACE DYNAMICS: Modelling and Simulation.- Density Effects and Fluid Flow in Phase-field Models.- A Lattice Boltzmann Method for the Mesoscopic Calculation of Anisotropic Crystal Growth.- A Phase-field Model for the Solidification Process in Multicomponent Alloys.- Planar Solidification from Undercooled Melt: An Approximation of a Dilute Binary Alloy for a Phase-field Model.- Initial Transients in the Symmetric Model for Directional Solidification.- Dynamics of a Faceted Nematic-Smectic B Front in Thin-Sample Directional Solidification.- Last Stage Solidification of Alloys: A Theoretical Study of Dendrite Arm and Grain Coalescence.- Phase-field Modeling of Eutectic Solidification: From Oscillations to Invasion.- Phase-field Theory of Nucleation and Growth in Binary Alloys.- Modelling of Phase Transformations in Titanium Alloys with a Phase-field Model.- Spreading of Liquid Monolayers: From Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations to Continuum Limit.- A Multi-mesh Finite Element Method for Phase-field Simulations.- Transport of Point Defects in Growing Si Crystals.- Atomistic Simulation of Transport Phenomena in Simple and Complex Fluids and Fluid Mixtures.- Unusual Viscosity Feature in Spinodal Decomposition Under Shear Flow.- Micro-macro Approach to Cluster Formation in Granular Media.- III Transport.- Urban Transport Phenomena in the Street Canyon.- Walker Behaviour Modelling by Differential Games.- Investigations of Vibrations in the Complex Dynamical Systems of Transmission Pipelines.- Information in Intelligent Transportation System.- Experiments on Route Choice Behaviour.- Transport Out of a Gravitationally Stable Layer with the Help of a Faster Diffusing Substance: PDE Simulations and Scaling Laws.- Microscopic Parameters and Macroscopic Features of Traffic Flow.- An Adaptive Smoothing Method for Traffic State Identification from Incomplete Information.- Probabilistic Description of Nucleation in Vapours and on Roads.- Cellular Automata Simulation of Collective Phenomena in Pedestrian Dynamics.- Modeling, Simulation and Observations for Freeway Traffic and Pedestrian.- Testing Traffic Flow Models.