A follow-up to Emerging Issues and Controversies in Infectious Diseases, this volume provides a comprehensive review of topical issues in infectious diseases, highlighting the controversies related to the newest findings and recommendations. Coverage includes trends and debates in HIV research, community-acquired pneumonia, H. pylori, progress in Hepatitis C treatment paired with the lack of progress on Hepatitis B, and the effects of climate change on infectious disease epidemiology, among others. This is an essential resource for practicing and academic physicians, investigators, residents, and fellows focused on infectious diseases, infection control, public health, and global health.

Autorentext
**Ignatius Fong **is the Editor of Springer's Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century series. He has served as Chief Editor for six books and the sole author for another six books published in the series. He completed his residency training in Internal Medicine at the University of Toronto and as a Fellow in Infectious Diseases at the University of Washington, Seattle. Dr. Fong has published studies concerning a variety of infectious diseases that include therapeutics and pharmacology of antibiotics, AIDS and the treatment of opportunistic infections, mechanistic and treatment studies of mucosal candidiasis, and pathogenic studies on infection and induction of atherosclerosis in animal models. He was Chief of Infectious Diseases at St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto) for 34 years; he is still on staff in Infectious Diseases and is a Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Canada.

Klappentext
A follow-up to Emerging Issues and Controversies in Infectious Diseases, this volume provides a comprehensive review of topical issues in infectious diseases, highlighting the controversies related to the newest findings and recommendations. Coverage includes trends and debates in HIV research, community-acquired pneumonia, H. pylori, progress in Hepatitis C treatment paired with the lack of progress on Hepatitis B, and the effects of climate change on infectious disease epidemiology, among others. This is an essential resource for practicing and academic physicians, investigators, residents, and fellows focused on infectious diseases, infection control, public health, and global health. 

Inhalt
Chapter 1: Prevention of HIV infection.Abstract.1.0 Introduction and background.1.1. General non-pharmacological measures.1.2. Prevention of perinatal HIV transmission.1.2.1. Breast-feeding and HIV transmission.1.3. Postexposure prophylaxis for cutaneous exposure.1.3.1. Nonhuman primate studies.1.3.2. Postexposure prophylaxis after percutaneous or occupational exposures.1.4. Sexual transmission of HIV and non-occupational needle exposure.1.4.1. Biology of sexual HIV transmission.1.5. Early ART for HIV infection as prevention..1.6. Postexposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure.1.7. Preexposure prevention of HIV.1.7.1. Topical microbicides for PrEP.1.7.2. Oral PrEP in MSM..1.7.3. Oral PrEP in heterosexuals and drug users.1.8. Prospects of future effective HIV vaccine.1.9. Viewpoints and future direction.Table 1.1. Risk of HIV transmission by various routes.Table 1.2. Indication for postexposure prophylaxis.Table 1.3. Preexposure preventative measures for HIV infection.References.  
Chapter 2. Immune Reconstitution inflammatory Syndrome and Paradoxical Reaction.Abstract.2.0. Introduction.2.1. Paradoxical reaction syndrome.2.2 Immunosuppressive IRIS.2.2.1. Transplant IRIS.2.2.2. Biological therapy IRIS.2.3. HIV IRIS,2.3.1. Pathogenesis of HIV IRIS.2.4.0. Clinical types of HIV IRIS.2.4.1. HIV tuberculosis IRIS.  2.4.2. HIV-associated cryptococcal IRIS.2.4.3. HIV-associated PML IRIS.2.4.4. HIV CNS IRIS without opportunistic infection.2.4.5. HIV cytomegalovirus IRIS.2.4.6. HIV Kaposi sarcoma IRIS.2.4.7. Miscellaneous HIV IRIS. 2.4.8. Management of HIV IRIS.2.5. Discussion and future directions.Table 2.1. Paradoxical reaction syndromes: not related to immunosuppression.Table 2.2. Immunosuppressive IRIS.Table 2,3. HIV IRIS subtypes.References.
Chapter 3: Issues in Community-acquired Pneumonia.Abstract.3.0. Introduction.3.1. Airway defenses and pathogenesis.3.2. Microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia.3.2.1. Comments on microbial etiology.3.3. Diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia.3.4. Markers of prognosis3.4.1. Comments on prediction scores.3.5. Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.3.5.1 Comments on treatment.3.6. Adjunctive therapy.3.6.1. Comments on adjunctive therapy.3.7. Prevention3.7.1. Comments on prevention.Table 3.1. CURB-65 score.Table 3.2. IDSA/ATS guidelines for ICU management.References. Chapter 4: Helicobacter pylori infection: when should it be treated?Abstract.4.0. Background.4.1. Transmission.4.2. Pathogenesis.4.3. Clinical diseases and associated mechanisms.4.4. Treatment of clinical diseases.4.4.1. Peptic ulcer disease.4.4.2. Dyspepsia.4.4.3. MALT lymphoma.4.4.4. Gastric cancer.4.4.5. Miscellaneous conditions.4.5. Treatment regimens.4.6. Prevention.4.7. Comments and future directions.Figure 4.1. Outline of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.Figure 4.2. Course and clinical diseases of H. pylori infection.Table 4.1. Diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection.Table 4.2. Indications for H. pylori treatment.Table 4.3. Main regimens for H. pylori infect...