Hypoparathyroidism, a condition in which insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced to maintain normocalcemia is associated with a variety of acute and chronic symptoms and complications due to hypocalcemia. Replacement therapy utilizing PTH has long been awaited, and this book is new and very timely as it coincides with the publication of results on the role of the PTH molecule in the pharmacological management of this disorder. This advance is sparking renewed interest in hypoparathyroidism, which is attributable to neck surgery in most cases and to inherited disorders in a minority.

Hypoparathyroidism has been written by acknowledged experts in the field and provides essential, up-to-date information on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition. It opens by addressing in detail the anatomy and physiology of the parathyroids and describing the epidemiology and clinical presentation of hypoparathyroidism. The full range of hypoparathyroid disorders are then discussed, including the various genetic forms, postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and other forms of acquired hypoparathyroidism. Individual chapters focus on refractory disease, the impact of the condition on bone, and the management of acute hypocalcemia. Both conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism and the novel replacement therapy with PTH peptides are then thoroughly examined. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is also extensively discussed, with information on the various forms, differential diagnosis, and genetic testing. This book will be of interest to all endocrinologists, and also to surgeons and internal medicine physicians.

Inhalt

Preface.- Part I ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS.- 1 The History: from Fuller Albright to the sequence of Parathyroid Hormone.- 2 Embryology of the parathyroid glands.- 3 PTH and PTH-related peptides.- 4 PTH assays and their clinical significance.- 5 Calcium-control of PTH secretion.- 6 Phosphate control of PTH secretion.- 7 Role of magnesium in Parathyroid Physiology.- 8 The vitamin D/FGF23/PTH axis.- 9 The PTH receptorsome and transduction pathways.- 10 G protein Gs and GNAS imprinting.- 11 PTH actions on bone and kidney.- 12 PTH and PTHrp: nonclassical target.- 13 In vitro cellular models of parathyroid cells.- II CONDITIONS OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM.- 14 Epidemiology of hypoparathyropidism.- 15 Clinical Presentation of Hypoparathyroidism.- 16 Isolated, Familial Hypoparathyroidism.- 17 Autoimmune Hypoparathyroidism.- 18 DiGeorge Syndrome (M. Tarsitano).- 19 Hypoparathyroidism, Deafness and renal dysplasia syndrome.- 20 Hypoparathyroidism, dwarfism, Medullary stenosis of long bones and eye abnormalities (Kenny- Caffey) Syndrome and hypoparathyroidism, retardation and dysmorphism (Sanjad-Sakati) Syndrome.- 21 Hypoparathyroidism in mitochondrial disorders.- 22 Postoperative hypoparathyroidism.- 23 Hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy, lactation, and fetal/neonatal development.- 24 Other forms of acquired hypoparathyroidism (radiationinduced, infiltrative disorders, heavymetal storage disorders, post burn, maternal hyperparathyroidism).- 25 Refractory hypoparathyroidism.- 26 Bone features in hypoparathyroidism.- 27 Management of acute hypocalcemia.- 28 Conventional Treatment in chronic hypoparathyroidism.- 29 Followup in chronic hypoparathyroidism.- 30 Replacement therapy with PTH1-34.- 31 Replacement Therapy with PTH1-84.- III FUNCTIONAL HYPOPARATHYROIDISM.- 32 Classification of pseudohypoparathyroidism and differential diagnosis.- 33 Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia, Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism and Albright HereditaryOsteodystrophy.- 34 Pseudohypoparathyroidisms other than Ia.- 35 Genetic testing in pseudo-hypoparathyroidism.- 36 Blomstrand's chondrodystrophy.- 37 Hypoparathyroidism during magnesium deficiency or excess.- IV ADVOCATING FOR HYPOPARATHYROIDISM.- 38. Advocating For Hypoparathyroidism.