Any curriculum involving science and/or engineering will eventually find itself entering the realm of physics. This book seeks to introduce students to a number of the fundamental concepts in physics and illustrate how different theories were developed out of physical observations and phenomena. The book presents multi-chapter sections on electrostatics, magnetism and electromagnetic waves, with eyes on both the past and the future, touching, along the way, on Coulomb, Gauss, Maxwell, Ohm, Biot-Savart, Ampere, Faraday, Fresnel and Lorentz. The book also contains an appendix that provides the reader with a portion of the mathematical background of vector analysis and vector differential operators. The book approaches its topics through a focus on examples and problem-solving techniques, illustrating vividly how physical theories are applied to problems in engineering and science. The book is primarily aimed at undergraduate students in these two fields, but it also features chapters that are geared towards senior undergraduates working on their final year theses.

Autorentext

Hiqmet Kamberaj is Full Professor at International Balkan University. He has published more than 60 articles and book chapters in reputed journals. In April 2020, published the book "Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Statistical Physics: Theory and Applications" by Springer, while in September 2021, the textbook "Classical Mechanics" by De Gruyter. His articles focus on understanding the structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics of macromolecular systems using the laws of physics and biochemistry and applied mathematics. Besides, his research includes applications of machine learning approaches. His teaching interests include information theory, electromagnetic theory, general physics, algorithms, discrete mathematics, and computer programming, theoretical physics, statistical physics, electrodynamics, and medical physics.

Klappentext

Physics is part of any curriculum in science and engineering. The main objective of this course is to help students of engineering and other sciences in more advanced courses in these fields. The textbook will introduce the students to the fundamental concepts of physics and how different theories developed from physical observations and phenomena. It starts with electrostatics in free space, introducing basic concepts, such as Coulomb's electric charge law and ideas of electric field and electric field lines (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 introduces the electric flux and Gauss's law. Electrostatic potential and electrostatic potential energy are introduced in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents the concepts of capacitance and dielectrics. Also, the electrostatics of a macroscopic medium and Maxwell's equations of the electrostatic field are discussed. Chapter 5 introduces the concepts of electric current and Ohm's law. Chapter 6 continues with the magnetic field and its interactions with charges and currents. Then, Chapter 7 introduces the concept of magnetic field sources, where Biot-Savart law and Ampère's law are introduced. Chapter 8 describes magnetism in the medium, Faraday's law, and Maxwell's magnetic field equations. Then, Chapter 9 describes Maxwell's equations of electromagnetic fields. In particular, this chapter focuses on the potential vector and scalar of the electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field energy, and conservation laws. Then, the dynamics of charged particles in the electromagnetic field and averaging of microscopic properties to obtain the macroscopic Maxwell's equations are introduced. Chapter 10 describes some advancing topics on the induction law and alternating current circuit systems, aiming at understanding electromagnetism applications to wireless charging. Chapter 11 introduces some applications of the theory of electromagnetism in macromolecular solutions and wireless charging technology. Chapter 12 introduces electromagnetic waves in vacuum and medium, coherence of electromagnetic waves, the polarization of electromagnetic waves, reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves, and Fresnel's equations. Chapter 13 introduces electromagnetic wave equations in dispersive media. This chapter also describes the absorption, Lorentz's oscillator model of a dielectric, the wave equation of a conductor, the wave equation of a dilute plasma, and the magnetized plasma or dielectric. Besides, Appendix introduces some mathematical background in vector analysis and vector differential operators. The textbook is geared more towards examples and problem-solving techniques. The students will get a firsthand experience of how the theories in physics are applied to problems in engineering and science. The textbook is mainly aimed at undergraduate students in engineering and science. However, some chapters and sections are aimed at senior undergraduate students working in the final year thesis in theoretical and computational biophysics, physics, electrical and electronic engineering, and chemistry.

Inhalt

1. Electrostatics in Free Space

2. Gauss's Law

3. Electrostatic Potential

4. Capacitance and Dielectrics

4.5 Electrostatics of Macroscopic Media

5. Electric Current

5.3 Resistance and Ohm's Law

6. Magnetic Fields

7. Sources of Magnetic Field

8. Magnetism in Matter

8.4 The Magnetic Field of the Earth 8.6 Rowland Ring Apparatus

9. Maxwell Equations of Electromagnetism

9.1 Maxwell's Equations of EM

9.2 Vector and Scalar Potential of EM Field

9.3 EM Field Energy & Conservation Law

9.4 Conservation Law of Momentum

9.5 Charged Particles in EM Fields

9.6 Macroscopic Maxwell Equations 10. More about Faraday's Law of Induction

10.1 Moving Conductor in a Closed Circuit

10.1.1 Induced Electric Potential and Electric Field

10.1.2 Generators and Motors

10.2 Inductance

10.2.1 Self-inductance 10.2.2 Mutual Inductance

10.3 Oscillations in an LC Circuit 10.4 The RL Circuit

10.5 The RLC Circuit

10.5.1 Case 1

10.5.2 Case 2

10.5.3 Case 3

10.6 Alternating Current Circuits

10.6.1 AC Sources and Phases

10.6.2 Resistors in an AC Circuit

10.6.3 Inductors in an AC Circuit 10.6.4 Capacitors in an AC Circuit

10.6.5 The RLC Series in an AC Circuit

Power in the AC Circuit

10.8 Resonance in the RLC Series Circuit

11. Some Applications of Electromagnetic Theory

11.1 Electrostatic Properties of Macromolecular Solutions

11.1.1 The pH and Equilibrium Constant

11.1.2 Charge on DNA and Proteins

11.1.3 Charge States of Amino Acids 11.1.4 Salt Binding

11.1.5 Energy Cost of Assembling a Collection of Charges 11.1.6 The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

11.1.7 Calculation of pKa of Amino Acids in Macromolecules

11.2 Wireless Charging

11.2.1 Tightly Coupled Wireless Power Systems

11.2.2 Loosely Coupled Highly Resonant Systems

11.3 Superconductivity

12. Electromagnetic Waves

12.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum

12.2 Electromagnetic Waves in Medium

12.3 Transmission Lines

12.4 Coherence of Electromagnetic Waves 12.5 Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves

12.6 Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves

13. Molecular Optics

13.1 Dispersion of Electromagnetic Waves in Gases 13.2 Dispersion of Electromagnetic Waves in Solids

13.3 Conduction Models 13.4 Refraction Index of a Conductor

13.5 Wave Propagation in Dilute Plasmas

A. Vectorial Analysis

A.1 Vector Calculus

A.2 Vector Differential Operators

A.3 Stokes' Formula

A.4 Gauss's Formula

A.5 Some Useful Formula

A.6 Laplasian

A.7 Curvilinear Coordinates

References