Heparin and Related Polysaccharides

This volume is a record of a meeting entitled "Heparin and Related Polysaccharides" that was held at the Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden between 1-6 September 1991. The meeting was hosted by U. Lindahl, L. Kjellen and I. Bjork, who were helped in their preparations by a scientific advisory panel that included U. Abildgaard, B. Casu, E. Holmer and D. Lane. Altogether, 230 participants from 18 countries attended the meeting, and most were present to be included in a photograph, which is to be found at the end of this volume. The selection of presentations for inclusion in the Symposia of the meeting was made on the basis of the known high quality of the work of the individuals or groups involved. This, we believe, is reflected in the contents of the enclosed articles, which collectively give a comprehensive overview of the present state of knowledge of heparin and related compounds. Some of the areas covered are evolving or controversial and the views expressed in each article should be regarded as those of the author(s). The authors have taken various amounts of care to define all their abbreviations and some familiarity with the different forms of nomenclature used in the fields of polysaccharide chemistry and of the coagulation proteinases and their inhibitors will assist the reader.

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Historical Aspects.- Heparin-An Introduction.- Structural Properties of Heparin and Heparan Sulphate.- Chemical Synthesis and Hemisynthesis in the Field of Glycosaminoglycans.- Structural Analysis of Periodate-Oxidized Heparin.- New Methodologies in Heparin Structure Analysis and the Generation of LMW Heparins.- Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans: Molecular Organisation of Membrane-Associated Species and an Approach to Polysaccharide Sequence Analysis.- Heparin and Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycanscellular Aspects.- Regulation of the Gene that Encodes the Peptide Core of Heparin Proteoglycan and Other Proteoglycans that are Stored in the Secretory Granules of Hematopoietic Cells.- Structural and Functional Diversity of the Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans.- Syndecan-ACell Surface Proteoglycan that Selectively Binds Extracellular Effector Molecules.- Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans and Signalling in Cell Adhesion.- Heparin and Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycansinteractions and Metabolism.- Animal Cell Mutants Defective in Heparan Sulphate Polymerization.- Two Enzymes in One: N-Deacetyation and N-Sulpfation in Heparin Biosynthesis are Catalyzed by the Same Protein.- Metabolism of Plasma Membrane-Associated Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans.- Lysosomal Degradation of Heparin and Heparan Sulphate.- Heparin Binding Properties of the Carboxyl Terminal Domain of [A103,106,108] Antristasin 93-119.- Heparin Protein Interactions.- Anticoagulant Proteins.- Role of Protein Conformational Changes, Surface Approximation, and Protein Cofactors in Heparin-Accelerated Antithrombin-Proeinase Reations.- The Interaction of Glycosaminoglycans with Heparin Cofactor II: Structure and Activity of a High-Affinity Dermatan Sulphate Hexasaccharide.- Thrombomodulin: An Anticoagulant Cell Surface Proteoglycan With Physiologically Relevant Glycosaminoglycan Moiety.- The Interaction Between LACI and Heparin.- Tissue Pathway Inhibitor and Heparin.- Antithrombotic Mechanisms.- LMW Heparin: Relationship Between Antithrombotic and Anticoagulant Effects.- The Mode of Action of Heparins In Vitro and In Vivo.- Prophylactically Effective Doses of Enoxaparin and Heparin Inhibit Prothrombin Activation.- Clinical Use.- Pharmacokinetics of Heparin and of Dematan Sulphate: Clinical Implications.- Heparin in the Prevention and Treatment of Arterial Thromboembolism.- Glycosaminoglycans in the Prophylaxis Against Venous Thromboembolism.- Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) with Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH).- Relationship Between Dose, Anticoagulant Effect and the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Heparin.- New Perspectives.- Regulation of Protease Nexin-1 Activity by Heparin and Heparan Sulphate.- New Approaches for Defining Sequence Specific Synthesis of Heparan Sulphate Chains.- Modulation of Neovascularization and Metastasis Species of Heparin.- Anti-inflammatory Effects of Heparin and its Derivatives: Inhibition of Complement and of Lymphocyte Migration.- Heparan Sulphate Glycosaminoglycans as Primary Cell Surface Receptors for Herkpes Simplex Virus.- Control of Angiogenesis by Heparin and Other Sulphated Polysaccharides.