A clear and accessible introduction to quantum mechanical methods used to calculate properties of atoms exposed to strong magnetic fields in both laboratory and stellar environments, with the emphasis on hydrogen and helium and their isoelectronic sequences. The results of the detailed calculations are listed in tables, making it a useful handbook for astrophysicists and atomic physicists alike.

Inhalt

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Magnetic Fields of Compact Cosmic Objects.- 1.2 Historical Review.- 1.3 Notations and Abbreviations.- 2. Interacting Charged Particles in Uniform Magnetic Fields.- 2.1 The N-Body Problem.- 2.2 The Uncharged Two-Body Problem.- 2.2.1 Hamiltonian and Wave Functions in Centre-of-Mass and Relative Coordinates.- 2.2.2 Classification, Quantum Numbers and Degeneracy in the Non-Interacting Case.- 2.2.3 Exact Solution for Harmonic Interaction.- 2.3 Scaling Properties of the Coulomb Problem.- 2.3.1 The General Case K ? 0.- 2.3.2 The Special Case K = 0.- 2.3.3 Nuclear Charge (Z) Scaling.- 3. Methods of Solution for the Magnetized Coulomb Problem.- 3.1 General Considerations.- 3.1.1 Characteristic Domains of the Magnetic Field Strength.- 3.1.2 Expansions of the Wave Functions and Multiconfiguration Equations.- 3.1.3 Low-Field High-Field Correspondence.- 3.2 Numerical Treatment.- 3.2.1 Hartree-Fock-Like Methods.- 3.2.2 Coupled-Channels-Like Methods.- 3.2.3 Diagonalization Methods.- 4. Results for Low-Lying States.- 4.1 Energy Values.- 4.2 Wavelengths of the Hydrogen Atom.- 4.3 Wave Functions of the Hydrogen Atom.- 4.3.1 Graphic Representation of the Spatial Probability Distribution of the Electron.- 4.3.2 Pictorial Representation of the Spatial Probability Distribution of the Electron.- 5. Energies for Arbitrarily Excited States in Adiabatic Approximation.- 5.1 Asymptotic Property of the Effective Potentials.- 5.2 Numerical Results and Their Accuracy.- 6. Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities.- 6.1 The General Expressions.- 6.2 Effects of the Finite Proton Mass on the Transition Matrix Element.- 6.3 Results.- 6.4 Expressions for Electromagnetic Transitions in Adiabatic Approximation.- 6.4.1 Dipole Strengths.- 6.4.2 Selection Rules.- 6.4.3 Sum Rules.- 6.4.4 Asymptotic Formulae.- 6.4.5 Results and Discussion.- 7. Stationary Lines and White Dwarf Spectra.- 7.1 Stationary Lines.- 7.2 Spectra of Selected Magnetic White Dwarfs.- 7.2.1 Grw+70°8247.- 7.2.2 PG 1031+234.- 7.2.3 SBS 1349+5434.- 7.2.4 PG 1015+014.- 7.2.5 G227-35.- 7.2.6 MR Serpentis.- 7.2.7 LB 11146 (PG 0945+245).- 7.3 Table of Magnetic White Dwarfs.- 7.4 Future Work.- 8. Relativistic Effects, Nuclear Mass Effects, and Landau-Excited States.- 8.1 Spin-Orbit Coupling.- 8.2 Effects of the Finite Proton Mass and of Motion Perpendicular to the Magnetic Field.- 8.3 Landau-Excited States.- 9. Helium-Like Atoms in Magnetic Fields of Arbitrary Strengths.- 9.1 Correspondence Diagrams.- 9.1.1 Short Review of the One-Electron Problem.- 9.1.2 The Two-Electron System in a Magnetic Field.- 9.1.3 The Correspondence for 1/Z = 0.- 9.1.4 The Correspondence for the General Case.- 9.2 Method of Solution.- 9.2.1 The Hartree-Fock Method for Low to Intermediate Field Strengths (?Z ? 1).- 9.2.2 The Hartree-Fock Method for High Field Strengths (?Z ? 1).- 9.3 Dipole Strengths, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Probabilities.- 9.3.1 Selection Rules for the Spherical Ansatz.- 9.3.2 Selection Rules for the Cylindrical Ansatz.- 9.4 Results for the Two-Electron Problem.- 9.4.1 Energy Levels Calculated with a Single-Configuration Ansatz.- 9.4.2 Influence of Configuration Mixing.- 9.4.3 Comparison of Energy Values Obtained by Different Methods.- 9.4.4 Wavelengths, Dipole Strengths, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Probabilities.- 10. Highly Excited States.- 10.1 Results.- 10.1.1 Energy Levels.- 10.1.2 Transition Probabilities and Comparison with Experiments.- 10.2 Is There Chaos in Quantum Mechanics?.- 10.2.1 Introduction.- 10.2.2 Microwave Ionisation of Rydberg States of the Hydrogen Atom.- 10.2.3 Statistical Analysis of Energy-Level Sequences.- 10.2.4 Order and Chaos in the Hydrogen Atom in a Magnetic Field.- 10.2.5 Level Statistics for the Hydrogen Atom in Magnetic Fields.- 10.2.6 Resonances in Chaos - the Role of Periodic Orbits.- 10.2.7 "Scarring" of Wave Functions.- Outlook.- A1. Energy Values.- A1.1 Tables of the Energy Values.- A1.2 Figures of the Energy Values.- A2. Wavelengths.- A2.1 Figures of the Wavelengths.- A2.2 Tables of Stationary Wavelengths.- A2.3 Figures of Stationary Wavelengths.- A3. Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities.- A3.1 Wavelengths, Dipole Strengths, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Rates.- A3.2 Oscillator Strengths and Transition Probabilities in Adiabatic Approximation.- A3.3 Dipole Strengths of Stationary Transitions.- A4. Helium and Helium-Like Atoms.- A4.1 Tables of the Energy Values.- A4.2 Wavelengths, Dipole Strengths, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Rates.- References.