The continuing development of sub specialties in pediatrics may be justifiably considered to be progress. Due to this fact, complex syn­ dromes can be analyzed today in their pathogenesis, are better under­ stood in their symptomatology, and can be therapeutically controlled. Therapy has reached an unexpectedly high level of effectiveness through this specialization, never dreamed of even a few years ago. No pediatrician can afford to do without it. However, this gain in knowledge inevitably places new burdens on the individual physician because of the confusing diversity of the diseases under consideration. The colleague in private practice who is called upon to treat an acutely ill child is all too likely to have the patient admitted to the hospital without necessity or without the de­ sired diagnostic insight. The hospital-based physician, confronted with the same situation, tends to rely more on a haphazard utilization of the laboratory facilities or the specialists. Should an illness not present itself strictly according to the textbook, the wide range of biochemical investigations and "tolerance tests" to which the patient is subjected offers the physician, made insecure by the diversity of the diagnostic possibilities, an opportunity for thinking and reading on the problem. Medical literature, however, has reached such enormous proportions that many physicians give up trying to keep abreast of it. Be it for lack of time or some other reason, they may consult pediatric literature only superficially or not at all-to the harm of the sick child.

Inhalt

1. Fever of Unknown Origin.- 1.1 Local Bacterial Infections.- 1.2 Generalized Bacterial Infections.- 1.3 Viral Infections.- 1.4 Less Common Infections.- 1.5 Chronic Inflammatory and Collagen Vascular Diseases.- 1.6 Tumors.- 1.7 Rare Causes of Fever.- 2. Vomiting (after Infancy).- 2.1 Gastrointestinal Disorders.- 2.2 Infections.- 2.3 Poisoning.- 2.4 Acute Metabolic Disorders.- 2.5 Vomiting due to Cardiac Disorders.- 2.6 Vomiting due to Abdominal Disorders.- 2.7 Vomiting due to Cerebral Disorders.- 2.8 Rare Causes of Vomiting.- 2.9 Vomiting due to Psychogenic Causes.- 2.10 Vomiting of Blood (Hematemesis).- 3. Diarrhea (after Infancy).- 3.1 Diarrhea due to Bacterial Infections.- 3.2 Diarrhea due to Helminthic Infections.- 3.3 Bloody Diarrhea.- 3.4 Rare Causes of Chronic Diarrhea.- 3.5 Miscellaneous Causes of Diarrhea.- 4. Unexplained Pain.- 4.1 Headache.- 4.2 Pain in the Thoracic Area.- 4.3 Abdominal Pain.- 4.4 Unexplained Pain in the Back and Spine.- 4.5 Pain in the Extremities.- 5. Somnolence, Loss of Consciousness.- 5.1 Poisoning.- 5.2 Disturbances of Metabolism.- 5.3 Altered States of Consciousness due to Cerebral Causes.- 6. Dyspnea.- 6.1 Obstructions of the Airways.- 6.2 Inspiratory Stridor.- 6.3 Expiratory Stridor (Dyspnea).- 6.4 Dyspnea due to Pulmonary Causes.- 6.5 Dyspnea due to Cardiac Causes.- 6.6 Dyspnea due to Metabolic Causes.- 6.7 Dyspnea due to Cerebral Causes.- 6.8 Dyspnea Associated with Hypoventilation.- 6.9 Rare Causes of Dyspnea.- 7. Cough.- 7.1 Dry Cough.- 7.2 Brassy Cough.- 7.3 Productive Cough.- 7.4 Hemoptysis.- 8. Cardiac Manifestations.- 8.1 Sinus Tachycardia.- 8.2 Paroxysmal Tachycardia.- 8.3 Sinus Bradycardia.- 8.4 Arrhythmias.- 9. Cyanosis.- 9.1 Poisoning.- 9.2 Increase in Reduced Hemoglobin.- 10. Heart Murmurs.- 10.1 Systolic Murmurs.- 10.2 Diastolic Murmurs.- 10.3 Continuous Murmurs.- 10.4 Pathologic Heart Sounds.- 11. Heart Failure.- 12. Circulatory Manifestations.- 12.1 Hypotension.- 12.2 Hypertension.- 13. Hematologic Manifestations.- 13.1 Anemia.- 13.2 Leukocytosis.- 13.3 Lymphocytosis.- 13.4 Leukopenia, Agranulocytosis, Lymphopenia.- 13.5 Bleeding Disorders.- 13.6 Leukemia.- 14. Lymph Node Enlargement.- 14.1 Malignant Lymphomas.- 15. Splenomegaly.- 15.1 Infections.- 15.2 Hematologic Diseases and Neoplasms.- 15.3 Storage Diseases (Metabolic Disorders).- 15.4 Portal Hypertension.- 15.5 Rare Causes of Splenomegaly.- 16. Hepatomegaly.- 16.1 Inflammation and Infections of the Liver.- 16.2 Congestive Hepatomegaly.- 16.3 Storage Diseases of the Liver.- 16.4 Hepatic Tumors, Hepatic Infiltration by Malignancies, and Hepatic Cysts.- 17. Jaundice (Icterus).- 17.1 Prehepatic Jaundice due to Increased Hemolysis.- 17.2 Prehepatic Jaundice due to Disturbed Transport Mechanism (without Increased Hemolysis).- 17.3 Intrahepatic Jaundice.- 17.4 Jaundice due to Defect in Hepatic Excretory Function.- 17.5 Obstructive Jaundice.- 18. Intra-abdominal Tumors.- 18.1 Intraperitoneal Tumors and Cysts.- 18.2 Retroperitoneal Tumors.- 19. The Large Abdomen.- 19.1 Ascites due to Local Causes.- 19.2 Ascites in Systemic Diseases.- 20. Urinary Findings.- 20.1 Unusual Urine Color.- 20.2 Physiologic Hematuria.- 20.3 Pathologic Hematuria.- 20.4 Leukocyturia.- 20.5 Proteinuria.- 20.6 Mellituria.- 21. Edema.- 21.1 Edema due to Hypoproteinemia.- 21.2 Edema due to Damage to the Capillary Wall.- 21.3 Edema due to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure or to Lymphatic Obstruction.- 21.4 Edema due to Disturbances of the Electrolyte and Water Balance.- 21.5 Edema in Endocrine Disorders.- 21.6 Facial Edema.- 22. Hypertension.- 22.1 Renal Disorders.- 22.2 Endocrine Disorders.- 22.3 Neurogenic Disorders.- 22.4 Cardiovascular Disorders.- 23. Uremia, Oliguria, Anuria.- 23.1 Renal Disorders.- 23.2 Prerenal Causes of Uremia.- 23.3 Postrenal Causes of Uremia.- 24. Manifestations Involving the Meninges (Meningism).- 24.1 Systemic Diseases.- 24.2 Meningism due to Diseases of the CNS.- 25. Seizures.- 25.1 Seizures in Newborns.- 25.2 Seizures after the Age of Six Months.- 26. Papilledema, Increased Intracranial Pressure.- 26.1 Intracranial Tumors.- 26.2 Other Causes of Increased Intracranial Pressure.- 27. Paralysis.- 27.1 Spastic Paralyses.- 27.2 Cranial Nerve Paralyses.- 27.3 Flaccid (Peripheral) Paralyses.- 27.4 Myopathic Paralyses.- 27.5 Hypotonia (Floppy Infant Syndrome).- 27.6 Pseudoparalyses.- 28. Motor Disturbances.- 28.1 Extrapyramidal Involvement.- 28.2 Cerebellar Syndromes.- 28.3 Myoclonus.- 28.4 Tremor.- 28.5 Tics.- 29. Metabolic Diseases with or without Psychomotor Impairment.- 29.1 Disorders of Lipid Metabolism.- 29.2 Disorders of Protein Metabolism.- 29.3 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism.- 29.4 Mucopolysaccharidoses.- 30. Hyperglycemia.- 31. Hypoglycemia.- 32. Obesity.- 33. Low Body Weight.- 34. Excessive Height, Partial Gigantism.- 35. Short Stature.- 35.1 Gastrointestinal Disorders.- 35.2 Metabolic Diseases.- 35.3 Endocrine Diseases.- 35.4 Syndromes Associated with Early Development of Short Stature.- 35.5 Congenital Diseases of Bones and Storage Diseases.- 35.6 Miscellaneous Causes of Short Stature.- 36. Abnormal External Genitalia.- 37. Delayed Puberty.- 38. Precocious Puberty.- 39. Hermaphroditism (Intersexuality).- 39.1 46/XX Karyotype.- 39.2 46/XY Karyotype.- 40. Thyroid Enlargement.- 41. Manifestations of Disease in Newborns and Infants.- 41.1 Asphyxia.- 41.2 Jaundice of the Newborn.- 41.3 Infants below Normal Weight and Height.- 41.4 Seizures in Newborns.- 41.5 Birth Injuries.- 41.6 Hemorrhages.- 41.7 Infections.- 41.8 Congenital Malformations.- 41.9 Vomiting in the Newborn.- 41.10 Vomiting in Infancy.- 41.11 Diarrhea in Newborns and Infants.- 41.12 Constipation in Newborns and Infants.- 42. Exanthems (Rashes).- 42.1 Generalized Maculopapular Exanthems.- 42.2 Symmetrical Vesicular Generalized Exanthems.- 42.3 Localized, Circumscribed, Asymmetrical Skin Lesions.- 43. Abnormal Pigmentation.- 44. Hypertrichosis, Hypotrichosis, Loss of Hair.- 44.1 Hypertrichosis.- 44.2 Hypotrichosis.- 44.3 Loss of Hair.- 45. Minor Ailments and Abnormalities.- 45.1 Abnormalities of the Head and Neck.- 45.2 Abnormalities of Other Parts of the Body.- 45.3 Abnormalities of Eating and Drinking.- 45.4 Constipation.- 45.5 Abnormalities of the Sense Organs.- 45.6 Recurrent Infections.- 45.7 Behavioral Disorders.- 46. Significant Radiologic Findings in Pulmonary Diagnosis.- 46.1 Enlargement of the Hila and of the Me…