The past decade has witnessed a growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence that glutamatergic systems may play a pivotal role in drug dependence. In Glutamate and Addiction, world-renowned scientific experts critically review all of this evidence and make the case for the role of glutamatergic systems in both the etiology and treatment of addiction disorders. The authors examine the glutamate connection in stimulant drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine), in opiate addiction, and in alcohol abuse and dependence. Using a variety of pharmacological, biochemical, genetic, and brain imaging techniques, these investigators show precisely how glutamate is involved in the etiology of addictions and how blocking or activating certain elements of the glutamatergic system appear to alleviate particular components of addiction. Their survey takes in both clinical approaches using medications that influence glutamate and cutting-edge preclinical approaches that manipulate specific subtypes of glutamate receptors or specific substrates of the "glutamate cascade" to determine their roles in various addictive states. The discussion includes a full review of possible treatments of addiction using glutamatergic antagonists and co-agonists such as acamprosate to modify specific aspects of glutamate function in the central nervous system.
Illuminating, authoritative, and forward looking, Glutamate and Addiction clarifies for the first time the relationship between glutamatergic systems and addiction and sets the stage for productive experimental and clinical investigations of many of today's emerging therapeutics for addictive disorders.

Klappentext

In Glutamate and Addiction, world-renowned scientific experts critically review all of the evidence for the role of glutamatergic systems in opiate, stimulant, and alcohol addiction. Using a variety of pharmacological, biochemical, genetic, and brain imaging techniques, these investigators show precisely how glutamate affects such addictions and how modifying certain elements of the glutamatergic system appear to alleviate particular components of addiction. Their survey takes in both clinical approaches using medications that influence glutamate and cutting-edge preclinical approaches that manipulate specific subtypes of glutamate receptors or specific substrates of the "glutamate cascade" to determine their roles in various addictive states.

Inhalt

I. Introduction: Physiology and Pharmacology of Glutamate Philip H. Sheridan, Forrest F. Weight, and Barbara H. Herman, Section Editors Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology of Glutamate Receptors Karin Borges and Raymond Dingledine Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptors Jeffrey M. Witkin, Rafal Kaminski, and Michael A. Rogawski Glutamate and Neurotoxicity B. Joy Snider and Dennis W. Choi Maturational Regulation of Glutamate Receptors and Their Role in Neuroplasticity Russell M. Sanchez and Frances E. Jensen Role of the NMDA Receptor in Neuronal Apoptosis and HIV-Associated Dementia Marcus Kaul and Stuart A. Lipton II. Glutamate: Stimulant Drugs of Abuse (Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine) Jerry Frankenheim and Barbara H. Herman, Section Editors Role of Glutamate and Nitric Oxide in the Acquisition and Expression of Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Increases in Locomotor Activity Agu Pert, Robert M. Post, and Susan R. B. Weiss Interactions of Dopamine, Glutamate, and GABA Systems in Mediating Amphetamine- and Cocaine-Induced Stereotypy and Behavioral Sensitization Ralph Karler, David K. Thai, and Larry D. Calder Addiction and Glutamate-Dependent Plasticity Marina E. Wolf Glutamate and Dopamine Interactions in the Motive Circuit: Implications for Craving, David A. Baker, Jennifer L. Cornish, and Peter W. Kalivas Glutamate Cascade from Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors to Gene Expression in Striatal Neurons: Implications for Psychostimulant Dependence and Medication John Q. Wang, Limin Mao, and Yuen-Sum Lau Glutamate Neurotransmission in the Course of Cocaine Addiction Luigi Pulvirenti Glutamate and the Self-Administration of Psychomotor-Stimulant Drugs Paul Vezina and Nobuyoshi Suto Roles of Glutamate, Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in the Neurotoxicity of Methamphetamine Jean Lud Cadet Methamphetamine Toxicity: Roles for Glutamate, Oxidative Processes, and Metabolic Stress Kristan B. Burrows and Bryan K. Yamamoto Nitric Oxide-Dependent Processes in the Action of Psychostimulants Yossef Itzhak, Julio L. Martin, and Syed F. Ali Effects of Novel NMDA/Glycine-Site Antagonists on the Blockade of Cocaine-Induced Behavioral Toxicity in Mice Rae R. Matsumoto and Buddy Pouw Clinical Studies Using NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Cocaine and Opioid Dependence Adam Bisaga and Marian W. Fischman The Role of mGluR5 in the Effects of Cocaine: Implications for Medication Development Mark P. Epping-Jordan III. Glutamate and Opiate Drugs (Heroin) of Abuse Barbara H. Herman and Jerry Frankenheim, Section Editors Role of the Glutamatergic System in Opioid Tolerance and Dependence: Effects of NMDA Receptor Antagonists Jianren Mao The Role of NMDA Receptors in Opiate Tolerance, Sensitization, and Physical Dependence: A Review of the Research, A Cellular Model, and Implications for the Treatment of Pain and Addiction Keith A. Trujillo Modification of Conditioned Reward by N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Antagonists Piotr Popik Morphine Withdrawal as a State of Glutamate Hyperactivity: The Effects of Glutamate Receptor Subtype Ligands on Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms Kurt Rasmussen IV. Glutamate and Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Forrest F. Weight and Raye Z. Litten, Section Editors Alcohol Actions on Glutamate Receptors Robert W. Peoples Glutamate and Alcohol-Induced Neurotoxicity Fulton T. Crews, Joseph G. Rudolph, and L. Judson Chandler Role of Glutamate in Alcohol Withdrawal Kindling Howard C. Becker and Nicole Redmond Alcohol and Glutamate Neurotransmission in Humans: Implications for Reward,