The goal of this one-of-a-kind book was to provide a critical and in-depth understanding of various AVS-SEM models as predictors for assessing the ecological impact of heavy metals (particularly dibasic cations; Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb) on aquatic environments, including the theories underlying these models, descriptive equations, modes of action, methodology, efficiency, applicability, and statistical approaches, as well as comparison with other pollution assessment techniques in the aquatic environments. Metals in interstitial water can be reduced in sediments that co-precipitate with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in FeS or MnS minerals, as well as replace them. This book outlines a system that can be used to track heavy metal contamination in countries with coastal regions that extend over water bodies that are subjected to pollution sources, such as the Mediterranean Basin countries. Moreover, this book will be of great interest to academics, professionals, practitioners, post-graduate students (M.Sc. and Ph.D.), and undergraduates because it gives a clear overview of heavy metal assessment for people interested in environmental studies focusing on the marine environment. It also provides decision-makers with a realistic perspective of the environmental file, allowing them to address environmental issues and directing stockholders to safer locations for environmental activity. From a future perspective, management is advised to overcome the difficulties within that technique, such as accurate handling procedures and different approaches to sampling onshore and offshore. Sequential leaching strategies, especially geochemical fractionation analysis, and knowledge of the interactions and significance of AVS in the marine sector, especially toxicity tests (bioassay) are recommended.

Autorentext

Dr. Gehan El Zokm is a professor at the Marine Chemistry Department and leader of the halogen, sulfide modeling, and surfactant groups at the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Mediterranean Sea Branch in Egypt. She earned her B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. in the Chemistry Department at the Faculty of Science of Alexandria University in Alexandria, both of which concerned heavy metal chemistry (focusing on preconcentration and fractionation tools). She is a specialist in environmental chemistry in the Marine Environment Division. Her research interests are in analytical and instrumental analytical chemistry with an emphasis on fractionation techniques (metals, sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen) regarding their bioavailability. Sulfide-metal dynamic models' topic has been a great concern in her publications. Statistical analyses were the most prominent features of her research, which was conducted using the most recent software packages. Her papers discussthe topics of eutrophication and pollution as well as the responses of marine biota to these two phenomena. Her study focuses on the mobility and fluxes of various parameters within marine environmental compartments. Her recent projects include natural product extraction for a variety of applications as well as method characterization (FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDEX, GC, HPLC, UV-Vis, and BET). Nutritional and functional food studies are highlighted in her research. Her research is also focused on water treatment and the mobility as well as fluxes of pollutants (heavy metals, phenol, hydrocarbons, and pesticides). She has 50 research papers and two books with an H-index of 17. A factorial design is applied for water treatment experiments. She reviews a lot of papers for many important publishers (Elsevier, Springer, and Taylor & Francis). She supervised and headed several projects and postgraduate students, participated in many conferences and workshops, and has several activities.