Free Radicals in Biology and Environment

Our understanding of the quantitative aspects of free radical chemistry and the involvement of radicals in such areas as biology, medicine, the environment, etc., has developed spectacularly over recent years, yet the various topics are commonly discussed separately, in specific meetings and specialised publications. Free Radicals in Biology and Environment draws together two important areas of free radical chemistry, using as a bridge the fundamental physical chemistry of free radicals (spectroscopic detection of free radicals, evaluation of absolute rate constants, elucidation of mechanisms of free radical reactions and catalysis, photochemical and radiation processes, etc.). The most relevant topics covered are the EPR detection of radicals in biochemical systems and in pollutant formation and degradation, oxidation processes in biology and in the troposphere, radiation and induced damage, and atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion. Also covered are the chemistry and biochemistry of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, the chemistry and biochemistry of DNA radicals, the role of radicals in myeloperoxidase, lignineperoxidase, radicals and cardiovascular injury, radiation and the fragmentation of cells and tissues.

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Preface. 1. Electron Spin Resonance Investigations of Free Radical Toxicology; R.P. Mason. 2. Application of Electron Spin Resonance - Spin Trapping (EPR-ST) to the Demonstration of Biologically Relevant Free Radicals; A. Kozlov, et al. 3. 31P Labeled Cyclic Nitrones: A New Class of Spin Traps for Free Radicals in Biological Milieu; S. Barbati, et al. 4. EPR Studies of Fenton-Type Reactions in Copper-Peroxide Systems; B.C. Gilbert, et al. 5. Factors Controlling the Addition of Carbon Centered Radicals to Alkenes and Alkynes; H. Fischer. 6. Exploring Iron-plus-hydroperoxide-based `Oxygen Activation' Systems. Or: It's Hard to Keep a Good Radical Down! I.W.C.E. Arends, et al. 7. Hypersensitive Probing for Radicals in Cytochrome P-450 Hydroxylations; M. Newcomb, M.H. Le Tadic-Biadatti. 8. Mechanisms of the Oxidation of Alkylaromatics and Aromatic Sulfides by Cytochrome P-450 and Peroxidases; E. Baciocchi, et al. 9. Mechanisms of Oxidation of Hydrocarbons, Lipids and Low Density Lipoproteins: N.A. Porter, et al. 10. Radicals in Aqueous Solution from Fe(III) Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands Containing Phenolates; J.M. Hockertz, et al. 11. Ion Radicals and Free Radicals in the Processes of the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2, SO2, NO and Freons to Valuable Organic Products; V.D. Pokhodenko, V.G. Koshechko. 12. The Photochemical Approach to the Functionalization of Alkanes; M. Mella, et al. 13. Bond Dissociation Energies of Phenolic and Amine Antioxidants; G.F. Pedulli, et al. 14. Dihydrolipoic Acid and Coenzyme Q, Two Natural Compounds with Pro-and Antioxidation Function; H. Nohl, et al. 15. Antioxidants Dihydropyridines, a New and Comprehensive Therapy for Free Radical Induced Cardiovascular Diseases; G. Gaviraghi, et al. 16. Indolinic and Quinolinic Aminoxyls as Biological Antioxidants; L. Greci, et al. 17. Extremely Efficient Antioxidants Evolved into Environment from aging Polymeric Materials: Chemiluminescent Monitoring; V.A. Belyakov, et al. 18. Radicals Derived from Amino Acid and Protein Hydroperoxides. Key Mediators in Protein Damage? M.J. Davies. 19. Molecular Pathology of Oxidative Damage Induced by the Myeloperoxidase System of Activated Phagocytes; J.W. Heinecke. 20. Chemistry and Biochemistry of DNA Radicals; B. Giese, et al. 21. Free Radical Chemistry Associated with C-1' Position of Nucleosides and Nucleic Acids; C. Chatgilialoglu, T. Gimisis. 22. Free-Radical Mechanisms of Action of UV and Laser Radiation on Human Blood Cells and Tissues; Y.A. Valdimirov. 23. Free Radical Reactions in Mechanisms of Damage, Repair and Protection of Blood Systems; M.K. Pulatova, V.L. Sharygyn. 24. Radiation-Induced Free Radical Fragmentation of Cell Membrane Components and the Respective Model Compounds; O.I. Shadyro. 25. Aspects of Nitric Oxide Chemistry and Biochemistry; H.G. Korth, R. Sustmann. 26. Nitrites and Nitrates as Exogenous Sources of Nitric Oxide in the Animal Organism; A.F. Vanin. 27. Free Radicals in the Atmosphere: The Motor of Tropospheric Oxidation Processes; K.H. Becker, et al. 28. Degradation of Atmospheric Pollutants by Tropospheric Free Radical Reactions; H. Güsten.<