Over the past two decades, the field of biomaterials has rapidly matured into a discipline, characterized by a firm base of scientific and engineering knowledge. This new text, aimed at bioengineering students at all levels, provides an excellent, readable, survey of the field. This book stresses the biological, chemical and mechanical structural characteristics of successful biomaterials and also covers the pathobiology, wound healing and biological reactions to implants. The final chapters deal with the promise of tissue engineering and where biological materials may be taking us in the future.

Klappentext

Adopting an interdisciplinary approach to the chemistry and physics of materials, their biocompatibility, and the consequences of implantation of such devices into the human body, this text introduces readers to the principles of polymer science and the study of metals, ceramics and composites, and also to the basic biology required to understand the nature of the host-transplant interface. Topics covered include the macromolecular components of cells and tissues, self-assembly processes, biological cascade systems, microscopic structure of cells and tissues, immunology, transplantation biology, and the pathobiology of wound healing. The materials science section includes the structures and properties of polymers, metals, ceramics and composites, and the processes for forming materials as well as the pathobiology of devices. The final two chapters deal with tissue engineering and the relations between the biology of cells and tissue transplantation, and the engineering of tissue replacements using passaged cells.

Inhalt

1 Introduction to Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility.- Scope of Text.- Structures of Soft and Hard Tissues.- Properties of Tissues.- Structure of Synthetic Materials.- Properties of Synthetic Materials.- Structures and Properties of Cells.- Cellular and Tissue Responses to Materials.- Summary.- 2 Introduction to Structure and Properties of Biological Tissues.- to Principles of Stereochemistry.- Basic Building Blocks.- Stereochemistry of Polymer Chains.- Primary and Secondary Structures of Biological Macromolecules.- Higher-Order Structures.- Structure of Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules.- Cell Membrane Polymers.- Other Polymeric Materials.- Summary.- 3 Introduction to Structure and Properties of Polymers, Metals, and Ceramics.- to Synthetic Materials.- Polymer Structures.- Polymer Mechanical Properties.- Structure of Metals.- Structure of Ceramics.- Structure of Composites.- Materials Degradation.- Summary.- 4 Microscopic and Macroscopic Structure of Tissue.- to Methods for Cellular and Tissue Analysis.- Surface and Internal Linings.- Conduit and Holding Structures.- Parenchymal or Organ-Supporting Structures.- Skeletal Structures.- Summary.- 5 Determination of Physical Structure and Modeling.- Viscosity.- Light Scattering.- Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering.- Ultracentrifugation.- Electron Microscopy.- Determination of Physical Parameters for Biological Macromolecules.- Summary.- 6 Assembly of Biological Macromolecules.- Methods for Studying Self-Assembly Processes.- Collagen Self-Assembly.- Assembly of Cytoskeletal Components.- Actin-Myosin Interaction.- Fibrinogen.- Summary.- 7 Mechanical Properties of Tissues.- to Analysis of Tissue Mechanical Properties.- Mechanical Properties of Collagenous Tissues.- Mechanical Properties of Hard Tissue.- Cellular Biomechanics.- Summary.- 8 Pathobiology and Response to Tissue Injury.- Cellular Components.- Cell Attachment, Proliferation, and Differentiation.- Cellular Adaptation.- Cell Injury.- Summary.- 9 Wound Healing.- Biological Cascades Involved in Healing.- Cells Involved in Wound Healing.- Inflammatory and Immunological Aspects of Wound Healing.- Cell Adhesion Molecules Involved in Wound Healing.- Growth Factors Involved in Wound Healing.- General Wound-Healing Process: Inflammatory Phase.- Capsule Formation Around Implants.- Cartilage Wound Healing.- Tendon and Ligament Healing.- Peripheral Nerve Repair.- Hard Tissue Repair.- Cardiovascular Wound Healing.- Summary.- 10 Pathobiological Responses to Implants.- Pathobiological Complications with Silicone Implants.- Inflammation Induced by Wear Particles.- Complement Activation by Biomaterial Surfaces.- Restenosis After Vascular Stenting.- Thrombosis and Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts.- Ectopic Mineralization of Implants.- Summary.- 11 Tissue Engineering.- to Tissue Engineering.- Immunology of Cell and Tissue Transplantation.- Role of Matrixes and Scaffolds in Cell Transplantation.- Tissue Engineering of External Lining Structures.- Skeletal Tissue Engineering.- Tissue Engineering of Specialized Organs.- Summary.- 12 Future Considerations.- New Directions in Tissue Engineering.- Design of New Polymeric Materials.- Design of Interfaces.- Vascular Device Design.- Summary.