Thermoplastic Aromatic Polymer Composites

Thermoplastic Aromatic Polymer Composites: A Study of the Structure, Processing and Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polyetheretherketone and Related Materials deals with the field of thermoplastic composite materials through a study of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone.
The book is composed of twelve chapters. The first four chapters are an introduction and basic learning of thermoplastic composite materials. These chapters include discussions on the components of thermoplastics, product forms, and the microstructure of aromatic polymer composites. The processing and manufacturing technology, including the fundamental operations, control, and the wide implications of manufacturing the composite material, are analyzed. The service performance structure of three interactions, namely, material, design, and processing, are illustrated. The strength of thermoplastic composites is then considered through an analysis of both shear and extensions with elastic modulus, but in the case of material strength, the differences between tension and compression properties should be taken into account. The book also notes that the durability, temperature sensitivity, and environmental resistance should likewise be regarded for a structural composite to have practical value and satisfactory performance. Lastly, the text explains that the numerous applications of thermoplastic structural composites, such as in medicine, aviation, marine and space technology, automotive, and industrial machinery, are all important and a rigorous evaluation is therefore necessary. The book finally suggests that the research into the future developments in the thermoplastic structural composites and the trend toward new design strategies and processing technology are important in optimizing the composite's great potential.
Industrial researchers in the field of chemistry and polymer composites, students, and academicians interested in the design and application of polymer composites will find this book relevant.

Inhalt

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 An Introduction to Thermoplastic Composite Materials
1.1 Towards Designed Materials
1.2 Why Thermoplastic Structural Composites?
1.3 Composite Science
References
2 Components of a Thermoplastic Structural Composite
2.1 Thermoplastic Matrix Resins
2.1.1 Chain Extendable Resins
2.1.2 Amorphous Thermoplastics
2.1.3 Orientable Polymer Matrices
2.1.4 Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastic Polymers
2.1.5 Polymer Blends and Compounds
2.1.6 The 'Victrex' Range of Aromatic Polymers
2.1.7 Polyetheretherketone
2.2 Reinforcing Fibers
2.2.1 Organic Polymeric Fibers
2.2.2 Inorganic Filaments
2.2.3 Carbon Fibers
2.2.4 High Strength Carbon Fibers
2.3 Interfaces and Interphases
2.3.1 Wetting of the Fiber by the Resin
2.3.2 Chemical Bonding
2.3.3 Mechanical Interlocking
2.3.4 Crystalline Interactions
2.4 Thermoplastic Structural Composite Materials
References
3 Product Forms
3.1 Impregnation after Shaping
3.1.1 In-Situ Polymerization
3.1.2 Linear Chain Thermosetting 'Prepregs'
3.1.3 Film Stacking
3.1.4 Partially Impregnated Tows
3.1.5 Cowoven and Commingled Products
3.1.6 Powder Coating
3.1.7 General Observations or Impregnation after Shaping
3.2 Preimpregnation Processes
3.2.1 Solution Impregnation
3.2.2 Chain Extension Processes
3.2.3 Melt Impregnation
3.2.4 The Integration of Impregnation Technologies
3.3 a Comparison of Product Forms
3.4 a Selection of Product Forms in Carbon Fiber/PEEK
References
4 The Microstructure of Aromatic Polymer Composites
4.1 Voids
4.2 Organization of the Fibers
4.2.1 Fiber Distribution
4.2.2 Fiber Straightness
4.3 Morphology of the Matrix
4.3.1 The Amorphous Phase
4.3.2 Crystallization and Crystallinity
4.4 Internal Stresses in the Composite
4.5 Quality in Composites: The Control of Microstructure
References
5 Processing Science and Manufacturing Technology
5.1 Processing Science
5.1.1 Chemical Change
5.1.2 Thermophysical Properties
5.1.3 Rheology
5.1.4 The Analysis of Processing Operations
5.2 Manufacturing Technology
5.2.1 Consolidation
5.2.2 Continuous Consolidation
5.2.3 Tape Placement
5.2.4 Continuous Forming
5.2.5 Stamping
5.2.6 Diaphragm Forming
5.2.7 Incremental Processing
5.2.8 Machining
5.3 Assembly Technologies
5.3.1 Fasteners
5.3.2 Adhesive Bonding
5.3.3 Solvent Bonding
5.3.4 Fusion Bonding
5.3.5 Interlayer Bonding
5.4 Rework, Repair and Reclaim
5.5 Quality in Processing
References
6 Dimensional Stability
6.1 Intumescence
6.2 Thermal Expansion
6.3 Stiffness
6.3.1 Stiffness Characterization of Uniaxial Laminates
6.3.2 Stiffness of Multi-Angle Laminates
6.3.3 Creep Resistance
6.4 Dimensional Stability and Morphological Integrity
References
7 The Strength of thermoplastic Composites
7.1 Compression Strength
7.2 The Tensile Strengths of Uniaxial Laminates
7.3 The Tensile Strengths of Cross-Plied Laminates
7.4 Shear Strengths
7.5 Technological Tests
References
8 Durability
8.1 Fracture Mechanics
8.1.1 Crack Propagation in Uniaxial Laminates
8.1.2 Interlaminar Crack Propagation in Different Modes
8.2 Impact Loading
8.3 Damage Tolerance
8.4 Fatigue Performance
8.5 Wear Resistance
References
9 Temperature Sensitivity
9.1 The Effect of Temperature on Stiffness
9.2 The Influence of Temperature on Strength
9.3 Toughness and Temperature
9.4 Fire Resistance
References
10 Environmental Resistance
10.1 Ageing: Time, Temperature, Air and Stress
10.2 Permeability of Gases
10.3 Water Resistance
10.4 Exposure to Aviation Fluids
10.4.1 Methylene Chloride
10.4.2 Paint Strippers
10.4.3 Hydraulic Fluids
10.4.4 Jet Fuel
10.5 The Space Environment
10.6 Bio-sensitivity
References
11 The Applications of Thermoplastic Structural Composites
11.1 Medical Uses
11.2 Satellites and Launch Vehicles
11.3 Aircraft Structures
11.4 Marine Applications
11.5 Automotive Engineering
11.6 Industrial Machinery
References
12 Future Developments in Thermoplastic Structural Composites
12.1 New Thermoplastic Composites
12.2 Thermoplastic Design Strategies
12.3 Processing Technology
12.4 Resource Management
12.5 Added Function
12.6 Envoy
Appendices
1 Description of Laminates
2 The Importance of Shear Properties in the Matrix
3 Mixtures of Rods and Coils
4 The Description of Molecular Weight and Its Significance
5 Estimation of Effective Chain Diameter
6 Radius of Gyration of a Molecule
7 Some Issues in Solution Impregnation
8 Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone Containing 61 Per Cent by Volume of High Strength Carbon Fiber
9 Flow Mechanisms in Discontinuous Aligned Product Forms and in Crimped Fiber Systems
10 a Comparison of Axial and Transverse Intraply Shear Viscosities for Thermoplastic Composites
11 Transverse Squeezing Flow
12 Platen Pressing of Carbon Fiber/PEEK Laminates
13 Bagging Materials for Thermoplastic Composites
14 Thermal Expansion Transverse to The Fiber Direction
15 Influence of Resin Rich Interlayers on Shear Compliance
16 Stiffness Characteristics of Carbon Fiber/PEEK Composites - A Review
17 Strengths of Carbon Fiber/PEEK Laminates
18 Fracture Toughness Data on Carbon Fiber/PEEK Composites at 23°C
Subject Index
Author Index