Capacitor Discharge Engineering

High Speed Pulse Technology, Volume III: Capacitor Discharge Engineering covers the production and practical application of capacitor dischargers for the generation and utilization of high speed pulsed of energy in different forms.

This nine-chapter volume discusses the principles of electric current, voltage, X-rays, gamma rays, heat, beams of electrons, neutrons and ions, magnetic fields, sound, and shock waves in gases and liquids. Considerable chapters consider the applications of capacitor discharges, such as impulse hardening of steel, ultrapulse welding of precision parts, X-ray flash technology, ultrafast image converters, exploding wire shutters and light sources, electromagnetic shutters, flash photolysis, and spark tracing in aerodynamic and automotive research. The remaining chapters explore other practical aspects, including high energy electromagnetic pulse generation, plasma physics, magnet charging, magnetically driven gas and particle accelerators, acoustic echo techniques for remote atmospheric sensing, sonar, and shock waves in high pressure physics and metal forming.

This book will prove useful to physicists, electrical and other engineering fields, teachers, and students who are interested in capacitor dischargers.

Inhalt

Foreword
Preface
Contents of Previous Volumes
A. The Capacitor, its Characteristics and its Applications in Discharge Circuits

1. Capacitors in Discharge Circuits in General, Types of Capacitors
2. Behavior of Insulators
   3a. Behavior of Gaseous and Liquid Dielectric Materials
   3b. High-Voltage Dielectric Fluids
3. The Vacuum Capacitor
4. Specifying a Spark Discharge or Flash Lamp Capacitor
5. Laser Discharge Capacitors
6. Pulse Capacitors for Soft- and Hard-Tube Circuits
7. Measurements of Ultralow Inductance (nH) Capacitors
8. High-Voltage, Low-Inductance Capacitors for Marx Circuits
9. The Parallel Plate Capacitors for Superposed Frequencies
10. Big Electrolytic Capacitor Banks
11. Tantalum Capacitors
    B. Switching Means
12. Controlled Gas Discharge Tubes
13. Controlled Semiconductor Switches
14. Push-Pull Switching Circuits for Rectangular Pulses
15. Modern High Power Switching Gaps
16. Liquid and Solid Gaps
17. High-Voltage Vacuum Contactors
18. The Lightning Protectors
19. Laser-Controlled Spark Gaps
20. Quenched Spark Gaps
21. Crowbar Switches
22. Other Unusual Switching Gaps
    C. Line Conductors
23. The Influence of Impedance and Its Transformation by Connecting Lines
24. The Coaxial Low-Impedance Water Line and the CUSO4 Output Resistor
    D. Conversion of Capacitor Energy into Current Impulses
25. Direct Discharge through a Conductor
26. Transformed Discharges for Highest Currents at Low Voltage
27. Subnanosecond Pulse Generators
28. Inductive Energy Storage Systems Applied to Extend the Duration of Current Pulses from Capacitor Banks
    E. Conversion of Capacitor Energy into Voltage Impulses and its Practical Applications
29. Very Fast Voltage Pulse Generators for Scientific Applications
30. Kerr Cell and Pockels Cell Pulsers and Related Techniques
31. Pulsers for Laser Excitation and Flash Photolysis
32. High Voltage Pulse Transformers and their Application to Spark Tracing (Aerodynamics) and to X Ray, Electron, and Light Pulses
33. Megavolt Pulse Techniques: Lightning Flash and EMP Simulation
    F. Conversion of Capacitor Energy into X-Ray Flashes and Beams of Electrons, Ions, and Neutrons
34. New Methods for Generating X-Ray Flashes (Debye-Scherrer and Laue Patterns, Plasmas and Lasers)
35. New Designs and Applications of X-Ray Flash Equipment for Motion Analysis
36. Hard X-Ray (Gamma-Ray) Flashes and Electron Beam Pulses of High Energy
37. High-Energy Ion Generation
38. Neutron Flashes for Material Testing
    G. Conversion of Capacitor Energy into Heat
39. Impulse Welding, Direct Capacitor Discharge
40. Welding by Transformed Capacitor Energy
41. Fast Metallic Phase Transformations by Current Pulses
42. Pulse Hardening of Carbon Steel
43. Exploding Wires and Their Applications; Exploding Wire Shutters
44. High Temperature Plasma Generation by High Energy Capacitor Discharge
45. Plasma Heating by Laser Beam Energy
    H. Conversion of Capacitor Energy into Magnetic Fields
46. Pulsed Magnetic Fields, Concentration
47. Electromagnetic Plasma Propulsion
48. Charging of Permanent Magnets
49. Faraday (Magnetooptical) Effect and Its Use
50. Capping and Uncapping Shutters
51. Magnetically Driven Hypervelocity Macroparticle Accelerators
52. Magnetically Driven Gas Accelerators
53. Megagauss Fields
    I. Conversion of Capacitive Stored Energy into Acoustic Pulses
54. Acoustic Pulses
55. Acoustic Pulses and Electroceramics
56. Advanced Sonar Techniques
57. Underwater Shock Waves from Sparks
58. Shock Waves in High Pressure Physics and Metal Forming
    Bibliography
    Index