After years of technological development and its important achievements to make our life easier and more comfortable, human society is going to face one of the most difficult challenges of the last century: to stabilize the concentra­ tion levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent harmful effects on the climate system. Through a delicate balance between photosynthesis and respiration, terres­ trial ecosystems, and in particular forests, are today thought to take up a sig­ nificant part of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, sometimes called the "terrestrial carbon sink". However, the location, magnitude, and vulnerability of the carbon dioxide sink of the terrestrial biota are still uncer­ tain. The suite of traditional tools in an ecologist's toolbox for studying ecosys­ tem productivity and carbon balance include leaf cuvettes, whole-plant and soil chambers for gas exchange, and biomass and soil carbon inventories. While each of the cited methods has distinct advantages, they are limited with regards to their ability to measure net carbon dioxide exchange of the whole ecosystem across a variety of time scales. This book present a compendium of results of a European project (EURO­ FLUX), funded by the European Commission through its fourth framework program, aiming to elucidate the role of forests in continental carbon balance.

Inhalt

1 EUROFLUX: An Integrated Network for Studying the Long-Term Responses of Biospheric Exchanges of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests.- 2 Methodology for Data Acquisition, Storage, and Treatment.- 3 Measurement of Soil Respiration.- 4 Deciduous Forests (Beech): Carbon and Water Fluxes, Balances, Ecological and Ecophysiological Determinants.- 5 Coniferous Forests (Scots and Maritime Pine): Carbon and Water Fluxes, Balances, Ecological and Ecophysiological Determinants.- 6 Spruce Forests (Norway and Sitka Spruce, Including Douglas Fir): Carbon and Water Fluxes, Balances, Ecological and Ecophysiological Determinants.- 7 Evergreen Mediterranean Forests: Carbon and Water Fluxes, Balances, Ecological and Ecophysiological Determinants.- 8 A Model-Based Study of Carbon Fluxes at Ten European Forest Sites.- 9 A Model-Based Approach for the Estimation of Carbon Sinks in European Forests.- 10 Factors Controlling Forest Atmosphere Exchange of Water, Energy and Carbon.- 11 The Carbon Sink Strength of Forests in Europe: Results of the EUROFLUX Network.- 12 Climatic Influences on Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Soil C02 Efflux.- 13 Conclusions: The Role of Canopy Flux Measurements in Global C-Cycle Research.