The incidence of anthropogenic fires in South America has increased lately, and fire effects on the biodiversity and ecosystem services are of great concern. On the other hand, natural fires have been present in the continent for thousands of years, acting as an evolutionary driver of vegetation and fauna. Therefore, several ecosystems in South America are fire-prone due to their evolutionary history, while those that have not evolved under frequent fires are fire-sensitive. At the same time, as humans increase fire frequency in some environments they try to banish fire from others, and such anthropogenic fire regimes have enormous consequences for biota, ecosystem services and the environment. This book will address the various South American ecosystems that benefit from the presence of fire, but also those that are harmed by fire. The effects of fire on plant and animal biodiversity of the main South American ecosystems will be presented and discussed considering current trends in climate and land use change, bringing understanding about when and how fire should or should not be used to benefit nature and humans. Options for fire planning and management will be highlighted, especially considering the reduction of wildfire risk and the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources. This broad comprehension of the fire issue in South America will support wise decisions by environmental analysts, conservation managers and public policy makers.

Autorentext

Alessandra Fidelis is biologist, Associate Professor in the Department of Biodiversity at the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil. Her research focus on tropical grassland and savanna ecology, fire ecology, community ecology, biological invasion, and seed ecology. She coordinates a long-term fire experiment (since 2013) in open savannas of Central Brazil and has already coordinated several research projects related to fire effects on tropical grasslands and savannas. She is the vice-president of the International Association for Vegetation Science and editor of the Journal of Vegetation Science. She was recognized as one of world's leading women in fire science in 2018 and is very active on the conservation of open ecosystems.

Vânia R. Pivello is biologist, Full Professor in the Department of Ecology at the Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil. She has vast experience in teaching and research in plant ecology, conservation biology, savanna ecology, fire ecology, biological invasion. She has conducted and coordinated several scientific research projects at LEPaC/USP (Landscape Ecology and Conservation Laboratory/USP) and has provided consulting and technical support to governmental, non-governmental and private organizations on environmental issues. She is an expert advisor to several research funding agencies and scientific journals, and editor of the journal Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. In 2018 she was recognized as one of the worlds' "women leaders in fire science".