The idea for this book was born at the June 1996 meeting of the IDEAL Steering Committee in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We had just completed a successful and stimulating special symposium during the annual meeting of the American Society for Limnology and Oceanography, and enthusiasm was running high for the production of a volume that could assemble in one place the scientific findings that were starting to emerge from East Africa. IDEAL, an International Decade for the East African Lakes, had ended one round of field investigations, many of which had been centered on Lake Victoria. As the climatologists, geologists, paleolimnologists, and biologists displayed their results and debated interpretations, it appeared that some paradigms were shifting, and that new explanations of climate history and modem processes were taking shape. The Steering Committee endorsed the production of a volume that would draw together the different research results that were emerging and which would be representative of the scope of science issues that exist within IDEAL. This book follows in the spirit of The Limnology, Climatology, and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, published in 1996, but has a somewhat different purpose. The previous publication also included original science results, but it was conceived to review the state of knowledge, identify critical problems, and point to new paths of inquiry. It accompanied the development of our first Science and Implementation Plan for the East African Lakes.

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Preface. Introduction. History and Ontogeny of IDEAL; D.A. Lehman. Investigations of Lake Victoria. Climate, History and Modern Dynamics. Historical Fluctuations of Lake Victoria and Other Lakes in the Northern Rift Valley of East Africa; S.E. Nicholson. Ancient Analogues for Recent Environmental Changes at Lake Victoria, East Africa; J.C. Stager. Initial Results of 1995 IDEAL Seismic Reflection Survey of Lake Victoria, Uganda and Tanzania; C.A. Scholz, et al. Environmental Magnetism of the Late Pleistocene/Holocene Sequences from Lake Victoria, East Africa; G.N. Ngobi, et al. Biogenic Silica Profiles in Holocene Cores from Lake Victoria: Implications for Lake Level History and Initiation of the Victoria Nile; T.C. Johnson, et al. Role of Apatite Weathering in the Eutrophication of Lake Victoria; J. Holtzman, J.T. Lehman. Lake Victoria Plankton Ecology: Mixing Depth and Climate-Driven Control of Lake Condition; J.T. Lehman, et al. Caridina nilotica: Spatial Distribution and Egg Production in Lake Victoria, Uganda; G.B. Mbahinzireki, et al. Low-Oxygen Tolerance of the Atyid Prawn, Caridina nilotica, in Lake Victoria (East Africa): Implications for Refuge from Nile Perch Predation; D.K. Branstrator, L. Mwebaza-Ndawula. Secondary Production by the Lake Flay Chaoborus in Lake Victoria, East Africa; J.T. Lehman, et al. IDEAL Investigations of Rift Valley Lakes. Abrupt Climatic Changes Associated with the Arid Younger Dryas Interval in Africa; K.R.M. Beuning, et al. Nutrients and Plankton Biomass in the Rift Lake Sources of the White Nile: Lakes Albert and Edward; J.T. Lehman, et al. A Comparison of Isotopic Records in Abiogenic and Biogenic Calcite from Lake Turkana, Kenya; P. Ng'ang'a, et al. A Comparison between the Stable Isotopic Composition of Early Holocene and Late Pleistocene Carbonates from Lake Malawi, East Africa; R.D. Ricketts. Fluctuations of Rift Valley Lakes Malawi and Chilwa During Historical Times: A Synthesis of Geological, Archeological and Historical Information; S.E. Nicholson. Index.