This volume is based on lectures and contributed papers presented at the Eleventh Course of the International School of Materials Science and Tech­ nology that was held in Erice, Sicily, Italy at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture during the period 6-17 July 1986. The subject of the course was "Electro-optic and Photorefractive Materials: Applications in Sig­ nal Processing and Phase Conjugation" . The fields of electro-optics and photorefraction have developed rapidly since the invention of lasers just over twenty-five years ago. The possibil­ of altering the optical properties of a material by electric fields or by ity optical waves is of great importance for both pure science and for practical applications such as optical signal processing, telecommunications and opti­ cal display devices. These effects allow us to manipulate (modulate, deflect) and process a given light wave. Modulation, deflection and processing of light waves by means of the electro-optic effect is of fundamental importance in fiber optic telecommuniC1. tions and sensor systems w here the light signals can be processed prior or subsequent to transmission through the fibers. Thin film electro-optic materials with suitable electrode arrays on· the surface of the wave-guiding structures result in a technology often referred to as inte­ grated optics. In principle, integrated optics devices allow miniaturization and integration of many operations onto a single chip. The photorefractive effect, defined as a photo-induced change of the in­ dices of refraction, was the other topic treated in this course.

Inhalt

I Electro-optical Effects and Materials.- Electro-optical Effects in Dielectric Crystals.- Electrooptic Effects in Crystals Induced by Phase Transitions.- Electric Field Dependence of Optical Properties of Quantum Well Structures..- Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics I. Composition, Structure and Requirements for Production.- Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics II. Specific Properties and Applications.- Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics III. Photorefraction and Formation of Holographic Gratings.- II Electro-optical Effects in Liquid Crystals and Biopolymers.- The Chemistry and Physics of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals.- Electro-optic Effects in Liquid Crystals.- Electro-optic Devices Using Liquid Crystals.- Nonlinear Optical and Electro-optical Properties of Biopolymers.- III Electro-optical Devices.- to Integrated Optics.- Integrated Electro-optic Devices.- Integrated Optics for Optical Communications.- Nuclear Techniques for Optical Waveguide Characterization.- Optical Waveguides in LiNbO3 Produced by Ti In-diffusion, Ion Exchange and Ion Implantation.- Room-Temperature Bulk GaAs: Dominant Nonlinearities, Fast-Recovery Gates, Arrays for Parallel Processing.- IV Photorefractive Effects.- to Photorefractive Materials.- Theory of Volume Hologram Formation in Photorefractive Crystals.- Anisotropic Bragg Diffraction in Photorefractive Crystals.- Physics of the Photorefractive Effect in BaTiO3.- V Nonlinear Optical Applications with Photorefractive Crystals.- to Optical Signal Processing with Photorefractive Materials.- Optical Oscillators with Photorefractive Gain.- Moving Photorefractive Gratings in Bi12SiO20 and Applications to Phase Conjugation and Optical Signal Processing.- 6 Contributed Papers.- Polarization Properties of Phase Volume Gratings Recorded in a Bi12SiO20 Crystal for Two Transverse Configurations.- Polarization Properties of Diffraction from Elementary Gratings in Optically Active and Linearly Birefringent Materials.- Self-induced Changes in the Refractive Index in CdS at ? = 532 nm.- Self-pulsation and Incoherent Beam Coupling Effects in Self-pumped BaTiO3.- Hysteresis in the Bifurcation Structure of a Nonlinear Optical Device with a Time-Dependent Bifurcation Parameter.- Two-Dimensional Spatial Light Modulators for High-Resolution TV Applications.- Photoinduced TE-TM Mode Conversion in Ti:LiNbO3 Waveguides.- Index of Contributors.