Developed from a set of lecture notes by Professor Kamen and since developed and refined by both authors, this introductory yet comprehensive study is a prime example in its field. There are examples in the book that use MATLAB® and many of the problems discussed require the use of MATLABâ. The primary objective is to provide students with an extensive coverage of Wiener and Kalman filtering along with the development of least squares estimation, maximum likelihood estimation and maximum a posteriori estimation, based on discrete-time measurements. In the study of these estimation techniques there is a strong emphasis on how they interrelate and fit together to form a systematic development of optimal estimation. Also included in the text is a chapter on nonlinear filtering focusing on the extended Kalman filter and a recently-developed nonlinear estimator based on a block-form version of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.

Klappentext

A handy technical introduction to the latest theories and techniques of optimal estimation. It provides readers with extensive coverage of Wiener and Kalman filtering along with a development of least squares estimation, maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori estimation based on discrete-time measurements. Much emphasis is placed on how they interrelate and fit together to form a systematic development of optimal estimation. Examples and exercises refer to MATLAB software.

Inhalt

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Signal Estimation.- 1.2 State Estimation.- 1.3 Least Squares Estimation.- Problems.- 2 Random Signals and Systems with Random Inputs.- 2.1 Random Variables.- 2.2 Random Discrete-Time Signals.- 2.3 Discrete-Time Systems with Random Inputs.- Problems.- 3 Optimal Estimation.- 3.1 Formulating the Problem.- 3.2 Maximum Likelihood and Maximum a posteriori Estimation.- 3.3 Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation.- 3.4 Linear MMSE Estimation.- 3.5 Comparison of Estimation Methods.- Problems.- 4 The Wiener Filter.- 4.1 Linear Time-Invariant MMSE Filters.- 4.2 The FIR Wiener Filter.- 4.3 The Noncausal Wiener Filter.- 4.4 Toward the Causal Wiener Filter.- 4.5 Derivation of the Causal Wiener Filter.- 4.6 Summary of Wiener Filters.- Problems.- 5 Recursive Estimation and the Kaiman Filter.- 5.1 Estimation with Growing Memory.- 5.2 Estimation of a Constant Signal.- 5.3 The Recursive Estimation Problem.- 5.4 The Signal/Measurement Model.- 5.5 Derivation of the Kaiman Filter.- 5.6 Summary of Kaiman Filter Equations.- 5.7 Kaiman Filter Properties.- 5.8 The Steady-state Kaiman Filter.- 5.9 The SSKF as an Unbiased Estimator.- 5.10 Summary.- Problems.- 6 Further Development of the Kaiman Filter.- 6.1 The Innovations.- 6.2 Derivation of the Kaiman Filter from the Innovations.- 6.3 Time-varying State Model and Nonstationary Noises.- 6.4 Modeling Errors.- 6.5 Multistep Kaiman Prediction.- 6.6 Kaiman Smoothing.- Problems.- 7 Kaiman Filter Applications.- 7.1 Target Tracking.- 7.2 Colored Process Noise.- 7.3 Correlated Noises.- 7.4 Colored Measurement Noise.- 7.5 Target Tracking with Polar Measurements.- 7.6 System Identification.- Problems.- 8 Nonlinear Estimation.- 8.1 The Extended Kalman Filter.- 8.2 An Alternate Measurement Update.- 8.3 Nonlinear System Identification Using Neural Networks.- 8.4 Frequency Demodulation.- 8.5 Target Tracking Using the EKF.- 8.6 Multiple Target Tracking.- Problems.- A The State Representation.- A.1 Discrete-Time Case.- A.2 Construction of State Models.- A.3 Dynamical Properties.- A.4 Discretization of Noise Covariance Matrices.- B The z-transform.- B.1 Region of Convergence.- B.2 z-transform Pairs and Properties.- B.3 The Inverse z-transform.- C Stability of the Kaiman Filter.- C.1 Observability.- C.2 Controllability.- C.3 Types of Stability.- C.4 Positive-Definiteness of P(n).- C.5 An Upper Bound for P(n).- C.6 A Lower Bound for P(n).- C.7 A Useful Control Lemma.- C.8 A Kaiman Filter Stability Theorem.- C.9 Bounds for P(n).- D The Steady-State Kaiman Filter.- D.2 A Stabilizability Lemma.- D.3 Preservation of Ordering.- D.5 Existence and Stability.- E Modeling Errors.- E.1 Inaccurate Initial Conditions.- E.2 Nonlinearities and Neglected States.- References.