These proceedings are based upon the review lectures, the re­ search talks and the accompanying discussion from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "The Dynamical and Chemical Coupling of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere" held at Spatind, Norway April 12-22, 1977. In recent years, in spite of the many subdivisions of atmospher­ ic physics it has become clear that a complete understanding of the subject matter requires an interdisciplinary effort of the scien­ tists working on a variety of atmospheric phenomena. This Advanced Study Institute was organized in order to meet this demand. A number of eminent scientists were invited to review the major subfields in atmospheric physics and expose the areas where the coupling between the neutral and ionized atmosphere is evident. These review papers were supported by current research results. However, the material covered here is by no means complete con­ sidering the range of subject matter covered by the title. The re­ sponsibility for this inadequacy lies with the editors and the pro­ gram committee, rather than with the individual contributors. Oslo, June 1977. B. Grandal J.A. Holtet. PARTICIPANTS Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Arnold, F. P.O.Box 1248, D-0069 Heidelberg F.R.G. Bj ¢rn, L. Uppsala Ionospheric Observatory S-755 90 Uppsala Sweden The Institute for Mathematical and Physical Brekke, A.

Inhalt

I: The Neutral Atmosphere.- Morphology of Upper Atmosphere Temperatures.- Stratospheric - Mesospheric Midwinter Warmings.- Stratospheric and Mesospheric Turbulence.- Inert Gas Abundances as Indicators for the Strength of Eddy Diffusion at Turbopause Altitudes.- Atmospheric Waves.- Infrasonic Waves - Interaction with the Atmosphere.- Remote Sensing of the Neutral Constituents of the Lower Thermosphere.- The Effects of Changing Fluxes of Solar UV Radiation and Solar Cosmic Rays on the Middle Atmosphere Temperature and Ozone Concentration.- Long Term Variations of OH Nightglow Emission - Relation to Stratospheric Humidity?.- II: The Ionosphere.- Ion Composition and Electron - and Ion - Loss Processes in the Earth's Atmosphere.- Mid- and High Latitude Reference Ionosphere.- Ionization Processes.- Influence of Relativistic Electron Precipitation on the Lower Ionosphere and Stratosphere.- Coherent Wave Induced Particle Precipitation into the Upper Atmosphere.- Thermal Electron Collisions and Energy Transfer in Atmospheric Gases.- An Attempt to Interpret Collision Frequency Measurements in the D-Region.- III: Coupling Between Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere.- Influence of Ionization on the Neutral Atmosphere.- Energy Balance of the Atmosphere under the Influence of a Disturbed Sun and Magnetospheric Processes.- Variations of the Mean Meridional Circulation in the Thermosphere.- Some Results from the European Winter Anomaly Campaign 1975/76.- Partial Reflection Studies in the Quiet Polar D-Region with Respect to Mesospheric Turbulence Parameters.- Odd Nitrogen in the Mesosphere and Thermosphere: Its Chemistry and Transport.- Lower Ionosphere Disturbances Induced by High Altitude Ion Cloud Releases.- IV: Auroral Zone Phenomena.- Auroral Structure and Dynamics.- Recent Advances in the Use of Radar Auroral Backscatter to Measure Ionospheric Electric Fields.- Auroral Effects on Neutral Dynamics.- Large-Scale Characteristics of Field-Aligned Currents Determined from the TRIAD Magnetometer Experiment.- Characteristics of 1-500 eV Electrons Observed in the Earth's Thermosphere from the Photoelectron Spectrometer Experiment on the Atmosphere Explorer Satellites.- V: Special Topics.- The Advantages of the Antarctic for Ionospheric Research.- Spacelab: A New Tool for Cooperative Research.- Spectral Analysis of Ionospheric Phenomena through Narrow Data Windows.