This book describes the current state of the art in integrated ring resonators, covering more than two decades in the development of this exciting device. It discusses in depth one of the most fascinating and versatile integrated optical filters, providing readers with a panoramic view spanning from design and simulation to implementation in various material systems. Written by authors with extensive experience in both academia and industry, this second edition offers a much-needed, major update as interest in integrated ring resonators undergoes a global revival. The new edition includes a comprehensive technological update, and a timely discussion of recent advances in new application areas, such as optofluidics and microfluidics, telecom operations and biosensors. This aptly named compendium is the ideal guide for researchers and engineers looking to review the field as a whole while exploring several of its possible and exciting future trajectories.

Autorentext

D. G. Rabus is an internationally recognized photonics & sensor expert with an extensive track record of accomplishments in bridging academia and industry by way of numerous patents, path leading publications and books. Dr. Rabus holds a lecturer position at Reutlingen University, Germany, and is owner of RABUS.TECH, a technology consulting company enabling productization of key enabling technologies. C. Sada is Professor in Experimental Physics of Condensed Matter at the University of Padova, Italy, with more than 250 internationally peer-reviewed publications. Her research focus is on integrated optics, opto-microfluidics and sensing by combining the material doping, growth and characterization of nano- to micro-scale properties.

Klappentext

The optical filter is resonator based. The required passband shape of ring resonator-filters can be custom designed by the use of configurations of various ring coupled resonators. This book describes the current state-of-the-art on these devices. It provides an in-depth knowledge of the simulation, fabrication and characterization of ring resonators for use as example filters, lasers, sensors.

Inhalt

1. Introduction2. Ring Resonators: Theory and Modeling2.1 Single Ring Resonators2.1.1 Ring Structure2.1.2 Racetrack Shaped Resonators2.2 Double Ring Resonators2.2.1 Serially Coupled Double Ring Resonator2.2.2 Parallel Coupled Double Ring Resonator2.3 Multiple Coupled Resonators2.3.1 Serially Coupled Ring Resonators2.3.2 Parallel Coupled Ring Resonators3. Materials, Fabrication and Characterization Methods3.1 Wafer Bonding3.1.1 Bonding with Intermediate Layer3.1.2 Bonding without Intermediate Layer3.1.3 Benzocyclobutene (BCB) Wafer Bonding3.2 Dry Etching3.3 Si based Materials3.3.1 Ring Resonators based on Si-SiO23.3.2 Ring Resonators based on Ta2O5-SiO23.3.3 Ring Resonators based on SiN, SiON and Si3N43.3.4 Ring Resonators based on SiO2-GeO23.4 III-V Materials3.4.1 The Quaternary Semiconductor Compound GaInAsP3.4.2 The Semiconductor Compound AlGaAs3.4.3 Lateral Coupling in GaInAsP/InP3.4.4 Vertical Coupling in GaInAsP/InP3.4.5 Lateral Coupling in AlGaAs/GaAs3.4.6 Vertical Coupling in AlGaAs/GaAs3.4.7 Implementation of Gain in Ring Resonators3.5 Polymers3.5.1 Conventional Fabrication Techniques3.5.2 Replication and Nanoimprinting3.5.3 Novel Polymer Devices3.6 Temperature Insensitivity3.7 Polarization Independence3.8 Characterization Methods3.8.1 Conventional Characterization3.8.2 Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR)3.8.3 Evanescent Field Measurement Methods3.9 Lithium niobate and hydrid solutions3.9.1 Ring Resonators based on Lithium niobate3.9.2 Ring Resonators based on Lithium niobate on Insulators ( LNOI)3.9.3 Ring Resonators based on Lithium niobate in hybrid configurations with nitrides4. Building Blocks of Ring Resonator Devices4.1 Couplers4.1.1 Directional Couplers4.1.2 Multimode Interference Couplers4.1.3 Y-Couplers4.2 Bends4.3 Spot Size Converters for Light In- and Outcoupling4.4 Gratings for Light In- and Outcoupling5. Devices & Applications5.1 Filters5.1.1 Passive Devices5.1.2 Devices with gain section5.2 Tunability Methods5.2.1 Wavelength Tuning5.2.2 Center Wavelength Trimming5.2.3 Tunable Couplers in Ring Resonators5.3 Dispersion Compensators5.4 Mach-Zehnder combined with Ring Resonator5.5 Modulators5.6 Lasers5.6.1 All Active Lasers5.6.2 Devices with gain section5.6.3 Passive Ring Resonator Coupled Lasers5.7 Wavelength Converters5.8 Optical Signal Processing5.8.1 Logic Gates5.8.2 Switching5.8.3 Telecom Operations6. Sensors6.1 Microfluidics6.2 Optofluidics6.3 Biosensors7. Whispering Gallery Mode Devices7.1 Whispering Gallery Modes (WGM)7.2 WGM Filters7.3 WGM Lasers7. OutlookReferencesIndex