This book represents the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Santa Flavia, Sicily from the 20 - 29th June, 1977. In addition to the review talks given by the Lecturers at the Institute it proved feasible for other topics to be splendidly reviewed. This has led to a much wider subject coverage than would otherwise have been possible. The discussion sessions which followed these review talks were extremely valuable and almost all the participants played an active role. Essentially all of the verbal contributions presented at this ASI were subsequently put into written format, which is why these proceedings are so extensive. ~hey do, however, provide an up-to-date summary of DNA synthesis in a wide variety of subjects with many of the remaining problems clearly expressed. The editing of these contributions has been essentially confined to alterations in style and presentation. We have taken some liberties in the re-organization of the papers into related sections. We express our thanks to those who helped organize the ASI and to the session conveners who attempted to confine and contain those who became too verbose. We are indebted to NATO, Scientific Affairs Division for the financial support that made this ASI possible. Finally, we express our gratitude to Miss Brenda Marriott. She typed all seventy five papers in this book, which was originally estimated to be less than half its present length and which just grew and grew. She deserves our special thanks.

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I Initiation and Control of Replication.- Control of DNA Replication in Bacteria.- Map Position of the Replication Origin of the E. coli K12 Chromosome.- An Approach to the Isolation of the Replication Origin of Bacillus subtilis.- Stability of Origin-RNA and its Implications on the Structure of the Origin of Replication in E. coli.- The Genetics of E. coli DNA Replication.- Characterization of Chromosomal Replication in a dnaA Mutant.- Genetic and Physiological Properties of an Escherichia coli Strain Carrying the dnaA Mutation T46.- The Function of RNA Polymerase and dnaA in the Initiation of Chromosome Replication in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.- Stabilized Initiation Activity of DNA Replication in an Sdre Mutant of Escherichia coli.- Replication of Bacteriophage Mu: Direction and Possible Location of the Origin.- Control of the Initiation of Lambda Replication, oop, lit and Repressor Establishment RNA Synthesis.- Control of Initiation of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells.- Developmental Considerations of Eukaryotic DNA Replication and Replicon Size.- The Organization of DNA Replication in a Mammalian Cell Line.- An Unusual Structure Implicated in Initiation of DNA Synthesis.- Inhibition of DNA Synthesis by 1-?-D-arabino-furanosylcytosine: Differential Effect on Chain Initiation and Elongation in Human Lymphoblasts.- II The Biosynthesis of Chromosomal DNA.- Thymidine Metabolism in Bacteria (and "How, or How Not, to Label DNA").- Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates and DNA Polymerase in Bacteriophage PBS1-Infected Bacillus subtilis.- In Vivo Synthesis and Properties of Uracil-Containing DNA.- Excision Repair of Uracil in DNA and its Contribution to the Pool of Okazaki Fragments.- DNA Replication Intermediates in Escherichia coli.- Size Distribution of Short Chain DNA in Two Strains of Escherichia coli.- Evidence for the Absence of Triphosphate Termini from the 5' Ends of Newly Synthesized E. coli DNA Molecules.- On the Possible Direct Conversion of RNA to DNA.- III DNA Structure, DNA Binding and Unwinding Proteins.- Some Aspects of DNA Strand Separation.- Multiple Interactions of a DNA Binding Protein, Gene-32 Protein of Phage T4, During DNA Replication and Recombination.- Interaction of Protein HD from E. coli with Nucleic Acids.- A Putative DNA Gyrase Mutant of E. coli.- The Role of ATP in E. coli Chromosome Replication.- Nucleic Acid Binding Glycoproteins Which Solubilize Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Dilute Acid: Species Distribution and Possible Role in DNA Condensation.- ATP Dependent Deoxyribonuclease of Bacillussubtilis; Subunit Structure and Substrate Specificity of DNA Dependent -ATPase Activity.- Pl Transduction Frequencies: A Clue to Chromosome Structure?.- Bacterial Nucleoid Structure After Inhibition of DNA Replication: The Role of RNA Synthesis.- Specific Properties of the End Groups of rDNA from Tetrahymena.- IV Polymerases and Other Replication Proteins.- Recombinational Mapping of the polA Locus of Escherichia coli K12: Genetic Fine Structure.- DNA Polymerase III of B. subtilis: Characterization of the Binding Site for Arylhydrazinopyrimidine Inhibitors.- DNA Proofreading by a Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase.- The Three DNA Polymerases of Animal Cells: Properties and Functions.- Structure and Catalytic Properties of Human DNA Polymerases ? and ?.- Properties and Interactions of DNA Polymerase ?, DNA Polymerase ? and a DNA Binding Protein of Regenerating Rat Liver.- DNA Polymerases of Sea Urchin Embryos.- Identity Between Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Polymerases ? from Chick Embryo.- Neurons as a Model System for In Vivo Studies of the Possible Function of DNA Polymerases in DNA Replication and Repair Synthesis During Development.- DNA Polymerase in Chromatin.- DNA Polymerase and the Onset of DNA Synthesis in Wheat Embryos.- Effect of SV40 Infection on DNA Polymerase Activity in Monkey Cells.- Characterization of Bacteriophage T7-Induced DNA Primase.- Suppression of E. coli dnaB Mutants by Prophage Plbac: A Biochemical Approach.- Two Replication Functions in Phage P1: ban, an Analog of dnaB, and bof, Involved in the Control of Replication.- V Viral and Plasmid Replication.- The Present Status of ØX174 DNA Replication In Vivo.- Enzymatic Replication of DNA in E. coli Probed by Small Phages.- The dnaG Gene Product of Escherichia coli: Characterization of the Catalytic Activity.- G4 and ST-1 DNA Synthesis In Vitro.- Plasmid Replication.- Copy Number Control Mutants of the R Plasmid Rl in Escherichia coil.- Determination of Origin and Direction of Replication of Large Plasmids of E. coli by Two Electron Microscopic Techniques.- Replication of Colicin El Plasmid DNA In Vitro.- A Two-Stage Mechanism of Plasmid DNA Replication.- Adenoviruses - Model for DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells - Role of Viral Proteins in Viral DNA Replication.- Function of an Early DNA Binding Protein in the Replication of Adenovirus DNA.- Sequence Selectivity in the Integration of Adenovirus Type 2 DNA in Productively Infected Cells.- VI Repair Pathways.- DNA Repair in Human Cells: Enzymes and Mutants.- Enzymes Involved in the Repair of Damaged DNA.- In Vitro Characterization of the uvrA+, uvrB+, uvrC+-Coded ATP-Dependent UV-Endonuclease from Escherichia coli.- The recA+ Gene Product of Escherichia coli, an Inducible Protein.- UV Endonucleolytic Activity in Extracts from Mouse Cells.- On the Mechanism of Ultraviolet-Induced Mutagenesis.- An Adaptive Response of E. coli to Low Levels of Alkylating Agent.- Plasmid-Borne Error-Prone DNA Repair.- VII In Vitro Systems.- DNA Synthesis in Permeable Cell Systems from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- DNA Replication in Simple Eukaryons: Identification of Replisomal Complexes in Cell Extracts of Chlamydomonas reinhartii.- Studies with Enzyme Complexes that Synthesize Adenovirus 2 DNA In Vitro.- Studies on Replicating Simian Virus 40 Chromosomes: Association with Thymidine Kinase.- Synthesis of DNA and Poly(ADP Ribose) in Permeabilized Eukaryotic Cells.- Effect of Xenopus laevis Oocyte and Egg Extracts on SV40 DNA.