The visualization, construction, and reconstruction of multidimensional images are of intense interest in science and engineering today, and discrete tomography-which deals with the special case in which the object to be reconstructed has a small number of possible values-offers some significant new analytical and computational tools.

Discrete Tomography: Foundations, Algorithms, and Applications provides a critical survey of new methods, algorithms, and select applications that are the foundations of multidimensional image construction and reconstruction. The survey chapters, written by leading international authorities, are self-contained adn present the latest research and results in the field. The book covers three main areas: important theoretical results, available algorithms to utilize for reconstruction, and key applications where new results are indicative of greater utility. Following a thorough historical overview of the field, the book provides a journey through the various mathematical and computational problems of discrete tomography. This is followed by a section on numerous algorithmic techniques that can be used to achieve real reconstructions from image projections.

Topics and Features:

• historical overview and summary chapter

• uniqueness and complexity in discrete tomography

• probabilistic modeling of discrete images

• binary tomography using Gibb priors

• discrete tomography on the 3-D torus and crystals

• binary steering

• 3-D tomographic reconstruction from sparse radiographic data

• symbolic projections

  The book is an essential resource for the latest developments and tools in discrete tomography. Professionals, researchers, and practitioners in mathematics, computer imaging, scientific visualization, computer engineering, and multidimensional image processing will find the book an authoritative guide and reference tocurrent research, methods, and applications.

  Klappentext

  Goals of the Book Overthelast thirty yearsthere has been arevolutionindiagnostic radiology as a result oftheemergenceofcomputerized tomography (CT), which is the process of obtaining the density distribution within the human body from multiple x-ray projections. Since an enormous variety of possible density values may occur in the body, a large number of projections are necessary to ensure the accurate reconstruction oftheir distribution. There are other situations in which we desire to reconstruct an object from its projections, but in which we know that the object to be recon­ structed has only a small number of possible values. For example, a large fraction of objects scanned in industrial CT (for the purpose of nonde­ structive testing or reverse engineering) are made of a single material and so the ideal reconstruction should contain only two values: zero for air and the value associated with the material composing the object. Similar as­ sumptions may even be made for some specific medical applications; for example, in angiography ofthe heart chambers the value is either zero (in­ dicating the absence of dye) or the value associated with the dye in the chamber. Another example arises in the electron microscopy of biological macromolecules, where we may assume that the object to be reconstructed is composed of ice, protein, and RNA. One can also apply electron mi­ croscopy to determine the presenceor absence ofatoms in crystallinestruc­ tures, which is again a two-valued situation.

  Inhalt

  Preface Contributors Part I. Foundations Discrete Tomography: A Historical Overview \ Attila Kuba, Gabor T. Herman Sets of Uniqueness and Additivity in Integer Lattices \ Peter C. Fishburn, Lawrence A. Shepp Tomopgraphic Equivalence and Switching Operations \ T. Yung Kong, Gabor T. Herman Uniqueness and Complexity in Discrete Tomography \ Richard J. Gardner, Peter Gritzmann Reconstruction of Plane Figures from Two Projections \ Akira Kaneko, Lei Huang Reconstruction of Two-Valued Functions and Matrices \ Attila Kuba Reconstruction of Connected Sets from Two Projections \ Alberto Del Lungo, Maurice Nivat Part II. Algorithms Binary Tomography Using Gibbs Priors \ Samuel Matej, Avi Vardi, Gabor T. Herman, Eilat Vardi Probabilistic Modeling of Discrete Images \ Michael T. Chan, Gabor T. Herman, Emanuel Levitan Multiscale Bayesian Methods for Discrete Tomography \ Thomas Frese, Charles A. Bouman, Ken Sauer An Algebraic Solution for Discrete Tomography \ Andrew E. Yagle Binary Steering of Nonbinary Iterative Algorithms \ Yair Censor, Samuel Matej Reconstruction of Binary Images via the EM Algorithm \ Yehuda Vardi, Cun-Hui Zhang Part III. Applications CT-Assisted Engineering and Manufacturing \ Jolyon A. Browne, Mathew Koshy 3D Reconstruction from Sparse Radiographic Data \ James Sachs, Jr., Ken Sauer Heart Chamber Reconstruction from Biplane Angiography \ Dietrich G.W. Onnasch, Guido P.M. Prause Discrete Tomography in Electron Microscopy \ J.M. Carazo, C.O. Sorzano, E. Rietzel, R. Schröder, R. Marabini Tomopgraphy on the 3D-Torus and Crystals \ Pablo M. Salzberg, Raul Figueroa A Recursive Algorithm for Diffuse Planar Tomography \ Sarah K. Patch From Orthogonal Projections to Symbolic Projections \ Shi-KuoChang Index