This book is related to disaster risk reduction in agriculture particularly under changing climate. Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate. There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause. The planets average surface temperature has risen to about 1oC since the late 19th century and most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on the record. Similarly, other evidence of rapid climate change includes warming of oceans, shrinking of ice sheets, retreating glaciers, decreasing snow cover, rising of sea level, declining artic sea ice, increased frequency of extreme events, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity. Hence, climate change impacts, both extreme weather and slow-onset events, have impacted several sectors of the national economies and activities, in particular agriculture and food production, augmented by other challenges be it geopolitical, cost of finance or supply chain related, and in a time of increased food insecurity. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Hence this book is useful as a study material to teach in the field of agriculture and climate change. The book is useful for instructors and postgraduate as well as undergraduate students involved in the study of climate change. The book also provide guidance to multiple stakeholders to design mitigation and adaptation efforts to climate change and ensure food security in the developing world.

Autorentext

Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed's research focuses on the impact of climate change on crop ecology, crop physiology, cropping system, and rain-fed ecosystem management. He has specialization in the field of environmental sciences, precision agriculture, agro-ecosystem modeling, climate change, and climate variability with teaching and research experience. He has research experience from Sydney University, Australia, where he worked on the application of APSIM as a decision support tool, and rainfall forecasting using generalized additive models.

Dr. Shakeel Ahmad is Professor of Agronomy at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan since 2016. In 2006, he received PhD from the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Later, he completed postdoctoral research from the University of Georgia, USA. He has been devoting himself to teaching and research regarding field crops focusing on crop modeling, climate change, and adaptation strategies. He earned Research Productivity Award for 5 years from Pakistan Council for Science and Technology through the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.