Quantum-Enhanced Sensing Based on Time Reversal of Entangling Interactions

Quantum mechanics entails effects like superpositions and entanglement, which have no classical counterparts. From a technological standpoint these counterintuitive quantum aspects can be viewed as an unexploited resource that can be harnessed to support various tasks, e.g. in the domains of computation, communication, and metrology. In many applications, however, the potential of nonclassical states cannot practically be exploited due to detection inefficiencies. The authors address this limitation by experimentally realizing a novel detection scheme in which entangling interactions are time reversed. In this way, nonclassical many-particle states are disentangled, allowing them to be detected in a robust and technically feasible manner. In the context of quantum metrology, these nonlinear readout techniques extend the class of entangled probe states that can be leveraged for sensing applications without being limited by finite detector resolution.

The authors present an active atom interferometer, where both the entangled state preparation and disentangling readout involve parametric amplification. This "SU(1,1)" interferometer is implemented with the help of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, where amplification is implemented by atomic collisions leading to spin exchange.

Inhalt
Introduction.- Part I: Theoretical Basics.- Quantum Mechanical Spin.- Hamiltonian of a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate.- Part II: Concepts of Time Reversal Interferometry.- Spin Exchange as an Amplier.- Interferometry Concept Within the SU(1,1) Framework.- Part III: Experimental Platform.- Experimental System and Manipulation Techniques.- Part IV: Experimental Results.- State and Process Characterization.- Quantum-Enhanced Sensing Based on Time Reversal.- Interferometry Beyond Exact Time Reversal.- Nonlinear Time Reversal as a Diagnostic Tool.- Outlook.